UNLABELLED The integration of retroviruses into the host genome following nonrandom genome-wide patterns may lead to the deregulation of gene expression and oncogene activation near the integration sites. Slow-transforming retroviruses have been widely used to perform genetic screens for the identification of genes involved in cancer. To investigate the involvement of avian leukosis virus subgr...

The inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are involved in immune evasion mechanisms for several pathogens causing chronic infections. Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway restores anti-virus immune responses, with concomitant reduction in viral load. In a previous report, we showed that, in bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, the expres...

Abstract Among people living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the long-term persistence of a population cells carrying transcriptionally silent integrated viral DNA (provirus) remains primary barrier to developing an effective cure. Ongoing cell division via proliferation is generally considered be driving force behind this latent HIV-1 reservoir. The contribution mechanism (cl...

Four monoclonal antibodies, A35, B94, EB29, and G152, against Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen have been developed and their specificities studied against a panel of Marek's disease and lymphoid leukosis primary tumors; Marek's disease, and lymphoid leukosis, and reticuloendotheliosis lymphoblastoid cell lines; and normal chicken cells. A35 and G152 are of the immunoglobulin M c...

Antibodies against a large and a small DNA polymerase isolated from chicken embryos and against avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase were used to study the serological relationships of the DNA polymerase activities of three avian systems with RNA and a DNA polymerase-avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses, reticuloendotheliosis viruses, and a fraction from uninfected chicken cells. The DNA polymer...

Thirteen oncogenic and necrotizing animal viruses were assayed in LIFE Sciences, Inc. (LSI)-specific pathogen-free Japanese quail and LSI-specific pathogen-free chicken embryo cell cultures. Nine viruses produced similar titers in the quail and chicken cell systems, whereas four viruses showed significantly higher titers in chickens. Young Japanese quail and chickens were inoculated with five s...

bovine leukemia virus (blv) is a retrovirus responsible for lymphoproliferative disorders in cattle. although infections of blv in animals are well known, little is known about its capacity to infect humans. this study investigated the presence of anti-blv antibodies and blv proviruses in human and cattle samples. an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect anti-blv...

Restriction enzyme and Southern gel analyses were used to determine the number and location of endogenous ecotropic retroviruses in the germ line of several mouse strains congenic at the Fv-2 gene locus. A new endogenous ecotropic provirus was observed in the germ line of B6.S (Fv-2ss) mice, in addition to the resident provirus found in its congenic partner C57BL/6 (Fv-2rr). This new provirus w...