respiratory disorders are major concern for dairy cattle industry. viruses and bacteria in combinationwith stress play a key role in triggering acute respiratory infections. the most important viral agents arebovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus(brsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv-3) and bovine adenovirus (bav). this cros...

BACKGROUND We present the case of a patient with acute human immunodeficiency virus infection and a thrombotic microangiopathy as the first clinical manifestation, a presentation that has not, to the best of our knowledge, been previously reported. CASE PRESENTATION A 35-year-old Bolivian man presented with epistaxis and thrombocytopenia. We found microangiopathic anemia, lymphopenia, elevate...

The possibility of immunizing human infants against rotaviruses, which cause severe dehydrating diarrheal disease, may depend on the use of a related rotavirus, derived from another animal species, as a source of antigen. To test the feasibility of this approach, calves were infected in utero with a bovine rotavirus and challenged with bovine or human type 2 rotavirus shortly after birth. Infec...

Exfoliative and aspiration cytologies play a major role in the management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Common cytology samples include cervicovaginal and anal Papanicolaou tests, fine needle aspirations, respiratory specimens, body fluids, Tzanck preparations, and touch preparations from brain specimens. While the cytopathologists need to be aware of specific infecti...

OBJECTIVES To determine the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection among pregnant women and the neonatal outcomes in Hong Kong. DESIGN Retrospective observational study composed of two parts: record review of pregnant women and unlinked anonymous screening of cord blood from neonates. SETTING Two human immunodeficiency virus clinics and the Government Virus Unit. PARTICIPA...

AIDS is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome caused by the HIV virus (1, 2). AIDS is amongst the major challenges of the health system in all countries. This health challenge has spread to all countries as well as to all age groups, especially the 25-34 age group. The probability of transmission of AIDS ranges from 70% by blood transfusion to 30% by sexual intercourse, mother-to-child transmis...

BACKGROUND Most human immunodeficiency virus positive patients now have a longer life expectancy, with the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy. However, they are now at increased risk of developing a malignancy during their lives. AIM To investigate the age at which oral squamous cell carcinoma presents in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. STUDY DESIGN Prospect...

BACKGROUND This study compared vestibulocollic reflex and vestibulo-ocular reflex functioning in subjects with and without human immunodeficiency virus. It also described test results throughout progression of the disease and compared the results of human immunodeficiency virus positive subjects who were receiving antiretroviral therapies with those not receiving this treatment. METHODS Subje...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether or not highly active antiretroviral therapy is associated with carotid artery stiffness in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in Henan Province, China. METHOD Fifty human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with at least a 5-year history of highly active antiretroviral therapy use and 50 human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients without a hi...