OBJECTIVE We investigated the impact of clown-care on pain in 45 children with cerebral palsy who underwent recurrent Botulinum-toxin injections (age 7.04± 4.68 years). Participants were randomized to receive either clown (n = 20) or standard (n = 25) -care. METHODS Pain Visual-Analogue-Scale (range 1-5) was reported before and after procedures. Pain assessment was lower for children undergoi...

Cause Avian botulism is a paralytic, often fatal, disease of birds that results when they ingest toxin produced by the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum. Seven distinct types of toxin designated by the letters A to G have been identified (Table 38.1). Waterfowl die-offs due to botulism are usually caused by type C toxin; sporadic die-offs among fish-eating birds, such as common loons and gulls, ...

There have been no long-term complications or life-threatening adverse effects related to botulinum toxin treatment for any cosmetic indications. Nevertheless, there are well-known, mild side effects of botulinum toxin treatment on the upper face, though most of them are self limited with time. However, excluding brow ptosis, reports about site specific side effects are few and anecdotal. We ex...

Tremendous excitement has been generated by the use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of various types of urethral and bladder dysfunction over the past several years. Botulinum toxin is the most lethal naturally occurring toxin known to mankind. Why, then, would an urologist want to use this agent to poison the bladder or urethral sphincter? In this review article we will examine the mechan...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS 1) To clarify essential voice tremor (EVT) phenomenology; 2) To report a management paradigm for essential voice tremor using botulinum toxin. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. METHODS Phenomenology from patients diagnosed with EVT between April 1996 and March 2012 was recorded, charted, and analyzed. A paradigm for treatment of EVT u...

Although the injection of Botox Cosmetic for the treatment of dynamic rhytids is safe and effective, there is a potential risk for foreign body embolization. This case report documents the presence of a rubber particle in the reconstituted Botox product. Although the risk of embolization is thought to be very small because it is unlikely that the particle could be injected through most needle o...

Focal idiopathic excessive eccrine sweating presents most commonly as an affliction of three anatomically distinct area: the axillae, the palms and soles, and the upper face. The true incidence is not known, but about half of the patients referred to us with this condition have at least one first-degree relative similarly affected. Only a fraction of patients afflicted are thought to seek medic...

We describe a female patient with hemimasticatory spasm, a rare movement disorder due to dysfunction of the motor trigeminal nerve of unknown origin. This patient had an excellent response to botulinum toxin therapy.

, A., Discussion of unique Acomment aboutAndyPickett’s slides,which attempted to show similarity to the Diane Tang-Liu and Roger Aoki paper (Tang-Liu et al., 2003). In the first two papers, those were saturateddoses, and theywereperformed fordifferent purposes and cannot really be used in the way Andy Pickett used them. The other issue is on the definitions. I think now we are all very confused...

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) treatment has been used extensively for the treatment of cervical dystonia. In most studies, there is significant improvement following treatment for head posture and pain. The common side effects following treatment include dysphagia, dry mouth, and neck weakness. There are five brands and two serotypes of BoNT available. The dosing of each serotype and brand differs. Pe...