The study provides data on two cases of foodborne botulism caused by consumption of commercial vegetable products: artichoke preserve and cream of vegetable soup. By mouse bioassay, Clostridium botulinum toxin in both the suspected food samples was detected and identified as type B toxin. The detection of C. botulinum toxin in the artichoke preserve indicates an inadequate food production techn...

We have reviewed the information about epitopes of immunological interest from Clostridium botulinum and Bacillus anthracis, by mining the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource. For both pathogens, the vast majority of epitopes reported to date are derived from a single protein: the protective antigen of B. anthracis and the neurotoxin type A of C. botulinum. A detailed analysis of the ...

To evaluate the long-term effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) in the treatment of blepharospasm, a retrospective analysis was conducted from the patients seen at the Movement Disorders Clinic of the Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine from 1993 to 2003. A total of 379 treatments with BTX were administered to 30 patients with blepharospas...

Gerwing et al. described the isolation and purification from culture filtrates of the toxin of Clostridium botulinum type B and characterized it as a homogeneous protein of less than 10,000 molecular weight. Analysis by various methods of samples of this toxin obtained from Gerwing et al., and preparations produced by their methods in our laboratories, furnished convincing evidence that neither...

conclusions these finding showed that dysport can be significantly effective in reducing the amount of saliva for 18 weeks. results in this study, the effect of dysport on the amount of drooling of the participants at the sixth, 12th, and 18th weeks after treatment was significantly decreased (p value of 0.00016, 0.0001, and 0.00011, respectively). however, after 24 weeks, this difference was n...

Chemodenervation with botulinum toxin (BoNT) has been effective and well tolerated for all types of dystonia for >30 years. We reviewed outcomes of our patients treated with BoNT serotype A (BoNT-A) for spasmodic dysphonia (SD) who became secondarily nonresponsive. We found that 8 of 1400 patients became nonresponsive to BoNT-A (0.57%), which is lower than the secondary nonresponse rate in othe...

QUESTION My patient received 62 units of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) for facial lines. Two weeks later, she found out that she was pregnant. Will this cause any harm to her fetus? ANSWER Botulinum toxin is not expected to be present in systemic circulation following proper intramuscular or intradermal injection. Moreover, BTX-A, which has a high molecular weight, does not appear to cross t...

IMPORTANCE Botulinum toxin injection for lateral canthal rhytids has been reported to result in dry eye, but its effect on tear film stability and tear production has not been studied thoroughly. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of botulinum toxin type A on tear film stability and tear production after treatment of lateral canthal rhytids. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We performed a...

The binding specificity of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) is primarily a consequence of their ability to bind to multiple receptors at the same time. BoNTs consist of three distinct domains, a metalloprotease light chain (LC), a translocation domain (HN) and a receptor-binding domain (HC). Here we report the crystal structure of HC/FA, complementing an existing structure through the modelling of...

Two sisters with recurrent lesions, one on axillae and other on the groin, and with limited response to classical treatments were treated with injections botulinum toxin type A. We observed marked improvement in the patient treated in the groin and complete remission in the patient treated in the axillae. It was possible to spare the use of systemic antibiotics and topical corticosteroids. The ...