Shade from neighboring plants limits light for photosynthesis; as a consequence, plants have a variety of strategies to avoid canopy shade and compete with their neighbors for light. Collectively the response to foliar shade is called the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). The SAS includes elongation of a variety of organs, acceleration of flowering time, and additional physiological responses, wh...

Transition to flowering in plants is tightly controlled by environmental cues, which regulate the photoperiod and vernalization pathways, and endogenous signals, which mediate the autonomous and gibberellin pathways. In this work, we investigated the role of two Zn(2+)-finger transcription factors, the paralogues AtVOZ1 and AtVOZ2, in Arabidopsis thaliana flowering. Single atvoz1-1 and atvoz2-1...

Flowering and subsequent seed set are not only normal activities in the life of most plants, but constitute the very reason for their existence. Woody bamboos can take a long time to flower, even over 100 years. This makes it difficult to breed bamboo, since flowering time cannot be predicted and passing through each generation takes too long. Another unique characteristic of woody bamboo is th...

Gibberellins (GAs) affect flowering in a species-dependent manner: in long-day and biennial plants they promote flowering, whereas in other plants, including fruit trees, they inhibit it. The mechanism by which GAs promote flowering in Arabidopsis is not fully understood, although there is increasing evidence that they may act through more than one pathway. In citrus, GA treatment during the fl...

The ability to avoid or neutralize pathogens is inherent to all higher organisms including plants. Plants recognize pathogens through receptors, and mount resistance against the intruders, with the help of well-elaborated defense arsenal. In response to some localinfections, plants develop systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which provides heightened resistance during subsequent infections. Inf...

The transition to flowering is known to be regulated by numerous interacting endogenous and environmental cues, of which brassinosteroids (BRs), a group of polyhydroxylated steroid phytohormones, appear to be linked to the regulation of flowering time. In Arabidopsis, BR biosynthetic det2 mutants exhibited delayed flowering time by at least 10 d compared with the wild type. The levels of endoge...

The essential oil from flowering aerial parts of Nepeta macrosiphon Boiss. growing wild in Kermanshah Province, Iran, was analyzed by GC/MS. This essential oil was prepared by a modified Likens-Nickerson’s simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) method. Forty-five compounds consisting 95.1% of the total components were identified from the oil obtained with a yield of 0.1%w/w. Among them, spa...

The studies conducted in 2007–2008 were aimed to assess how the developmental stage of common oregano affected the quality and quantity of the herb yield. The field experiment was established with the use of random blocks in four repetitions. Oregano was grown from seeding produced in a greenhouse. Herbage harvest of one-year-old plants was conducted before flowering, in budding phase, at the b...

background & aim: thyme is common named thymus vulgaris l. belongs to lamiaceae family. thyme is a most important medicinal plant that was used in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics hygienic industries in most of developed countries. experimental: determine optimum of harvest time this plant was done in a random block design with three replications was conducted in field islamic azad universi...