Understanding the maintenance of among-individual behavioral variation in populations and predicting its consequences are key challenges ecology. Studying association between repeatable behaviors other traits under selection may shed light on underlying selective pressures. We used model snail Cepaea nemoralis to examine whether individual behavior is associated with shell morph, a trait that h...

Abstract Low vision readers depend on magnification, but magnification reduces the amount of text that can be overviewed and hampers navigation. In this study, we evaluate effects font variations letter spacing, width, boldness have low reading. We tested 20 low-vision patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) used Radner Reading Chart, which measures reading acuity (logRAD), maximum...