The TanDEM-X mission will derive a global digital elevation model (DEM) with satellite SAR interferometry. The aimed accuracies are an absolute, resp. relative height error of 10m resp. 2m for 90% of the data. This paper gives an overview of the DEM adjustment within the TanDEM-X mission. The DEM adjustment estimates residual, systematic height offsets and deformations of each single interferom...

We present new laboratory observations of an advancing boiling front radiating from an injection point in a simulated geothermal reservoir. The Berea sandstone model is a 26 cm cube that is either heated to a dry 125°C, or saturated with 145°C steam in two separate testing configurations. Cool water is applied at the sample center, and the advancing boiling front is identified by a radial array...

We report a quantitative measurement of the pressure effect on melting point elevation of encapsulated nanoparticles without epitaxial interfaces. By means of in situ x-ray diffraction, a substantial melting point elevation of about 15 K in encapsulated Al nanoparticles in Al2O3 shells without epitaxial interfaces was observed. Meanwhile, a pressure buildup of about 0.25 GPa on the Al nanoparti...

The objective of this research was to determine the variation of milk stability evaluated with ethanol, boiling, and coagulation time tests (CTT) to identify milk components related with stability and verify the correlation between the three methods. Bulk raw milk was collected monthly at 50 dairy farms from January 2007 to October 2009 and physicochemical attributes, somatic cell (SCC), and to...

This paper is the second of a two-part study concerning two-phase flow and heat transfer characteristics of R134a in a micro-channel heat sink incorporated as an evaporator in a refrigeration cycle. Boiling heat transfer coefficients were measured by controlling heat flux (q00 = 15.9 93.8W/cm) and vapor quality (xe = 0.26 0.87) over a broad range of mass velocity. While prior studies point to e...

With the progression of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) towards a mainstream resource management tool, it has become necessary to understand how best to process and analyze the data. While most ground surface identification algorithms remain proprietary and have high purchase costs; a few are openly available, free to use, and are supported by published results. Two of the latter are the mu...

The goal of this work is to determine methods for detecting trails using statistics of LiDAR point cloud data, while avoiding reliance on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Creation of a DEM is a subjective process that requires assumptions be made about the density of the data points, the curvature of the ground, and other factors which can lead to very different results in the final DEM product...

Previous studies have revealed it is possible to separate a high-boiling mixture by gas chromatography in empty fused-silica capillary tubing rather than in columns coated with stationary phase. Chromatographic separation occurs solely on the basis of the different boiling points of the substances separated. The high similarity of such separations to those in classic distillation seems advantag...

Description colorless or yellow liquid Molecular formula HNO3 Molecular weight 63.02 Density 1.50269 g/cm @ 25°C Boiling point 83° C with decomposition Melting point -41.59°C Vapor pressure 62 mm Hg @ 25°C Flashpoint not applicable Explosive limits not applicable Solubility miscible in water Odor threshold 0.27 ppm (AIHA, 1989) Odor description choking odor Metabolites oxides of nitrogen, parti...

The design and reliable operation of a two-phase micro-channel heat sink require a fundamental understanding of the complex transport phenomena associated with convective boiling in small, parallel coolant passages. This understanding is the primary goal of this paper. This goal is realized by exploring the following aspects of boiling in microchannels: hydrodynamic instability, two-phase flow ...