The effects of high-temperature sterilization methods (boiling, dry-heating, autoclaving and chemiclaving) on the properties of four types of stone cast were determined. SEM observations were made of the cast surface before and after sterilization. High-temperature sterilization affected the properties of the stone casts. Boiling, dry-heating and autoclaving were considered to be unacceptable m...

in this present study, volume of fluid method in openfoam open source cfd package will be extended to consider phase change phenomena with modified model due to condensation and boiling processes. this model is suitable for the case in which both unsaturated phase and saturated phase are present and for beginning boiling and condensation process needn't initial interface. both phases (liqu...

Vapor degreasing uses a partially full container of cleaner heated to its boiling point. The parts to be cleaned are suspended in the vapor cloud above the boiling liquid. The vapor condenses on the cooler parts, dissolves the contaminants and flushes the liquid mixture back into the hot liquid. When the cleaning process is complete, the parts are removed from the tank and they quickly dry in t...

In this paper we consider a model for pool-boiling systems known from the literature. This model involves only the temperature distribution within the heater and models the heat exchange with the boiling medium via a nonlinear boundary condition imposed on the fluid-heater interface. The model allows multiple homogeneous (i.e. spatially constant) and multiple heterogeneous steady-state solution...

Experimental investigation of heat transfer during pool boiling of two nanofluids, i.e., water-Al2O3 and water-Cu has been carried out. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1% by weight. The horizontal smooth copper and stainless steel tubes having 10 mm OD and 0.6 mm wall thickness formed test heater. The experiments have been performed to establish the influence ...

The enhancement of boiling heat transfer, the most powerful energy-transferring technology, will lead to milestones in the development of high-efficiency, next-generation energy systems. Perceiving nano-inspired interface functionalities from their rough morphologies, we demonstrate interface-induced liquid refreshing is essential to improve heat transfer by intrinsically avoiding Leidenfrost p...

An Agilent Simulated Distillation (SimDis) system is described for characterizing petroleum fractions for quality control and monitoring of refinery feedstocks and products. The system uses a 6890N gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a high temperature programmable temperature vaporizer (HT PTV) inlet designed specifically for simulated distillation analysis. A SimDis software program that cou...

The authors examined the demand for clean drinking water using treatment behaviors in Kathmandu, Nepal. Water supply is inadequate, unreliable and low quality. Households engage in several strategies to cope with the unreliable and poor quality of water supplies. Some of the major coping strategies are hauling, storing, and point-of-use treatment. Boiling, filtering, and use of Uro-guard are so...

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the effect of wettability (via contact angle variation) on nanoscale pool boiling heat transfer of a liquid argon thin film on a horizontal copper substrate topped with cubic nano-pillars. The liquid-solid potential was incrementally altered in order to vary the contact angle between hydrophilic (θ~63°) and super hydrophobic (θ~15...

A superhydrophobic and anti-icing surface was prepared by consecutive immersion in boiling water and sputtering of polytetrafluoroethylene on the surface of an aluminium alloy substrate. The immersion time in boiling water plays an important role on the surface morphology and water repellency of the deposited RF-sputtered Teflon coating. The Teflon-like coating deposited on a rough surface achi...