The zooplankton community and environmental conditions were monitored during Dec. 2012 PG-GOOS (Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman Oceanographic Study) oceanographic cruise on board N/V Ja Nayband throughout the northwestern part of the Persian Gulf. Data of temperature, salinity, depth and pH as well as zooplankton community composition and abundance were collected from 17 stations. The zoopla...

This research contributes to the existing corporate governance (CG) and social environmental accountability (SEA) literature by exploring impact of CG mechanisms (board independence, board size, CEO duality, gender diversity) on Chinese firms’ performance, sustainability information disclosures (EID). Furthermore, investigation consequently ascertains amount which CG–SEA connection is influence...

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of outside board on rm value in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) from the perspective of information transaction costs. To do so, a sample of 96 firms listed in TSE is selected to be studied during the period of 2003-2012. Tobin q ratio is used to measure rm's value and bid-ask spread for information transaction costs. In addition to these variable...

From the perspective of agency and socio-emotional theories, family firm’s innovation behavior differs from non-family companies. We investigate relationship between element Research Development (R&D) investment, how moderating effect board composition affects this relationship. Using a panel data composed by 1,284 observations-year during period 2004-2014 Argentina, Brazil, Chile Mexico, e...

We examine the effect of social networks bank directors on board gender diversity and compensation using a unique, newly compiled dataset over 1999-2018 period. We find that within-board are extensive, but there significant differences in size composition male vs female directors. also samegender play an important role determining boards. Finally, we show those connected to receive highe...