388 August 2014 E blood patch is the mainstay of treatment for persistent symptoms secondary to spontaneous intracranial hypotension.1 Determining the level of cerebrospinal fluid leak is thought to be an important consideration for optimal siting of the epidural blood patch injection.2 However, it is often difficult to determine the level of cerebrospinal fluid leak in spontaneous intracranial...

Treatment of postdural puncture headaches involves oral or intravenous (IV) fluid or caffeine-containing analgesics, micro-catheterization of spinal space, epidural administration of blood obtained from the patient, or epidural blood patch and fiberoptic imaging-guided epidural interventional techniques. Epidural blood patch is, to date, the most effective treatment, but it is an invasive proce...

This article demonstrates that the threshold response of initiation of blood clotting to the size of a patch of stimulus is a robust phenomenon under a wide range of conditions and follows a simple scaling relationship based on the Damköhler number. Human blood and plasma were exposed to surfaces patterned with patches presenting clotting stimuli using microfluidics. Perturbations of the comple...

here we report a novel approach for preparation of a 6-day transdermal drug delivery system (tdds) as treatment for mild to moderate alzheimer’s disease. the spray drying method was used to prepare microparticles containing the anti-alzheimer drug. the content of the drug was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method. the morphology and size range of the microparticles ...

Acupuncture works by stimulating peripheral sensory nerves and their endings causing an increase in cutaneous blood flow and microcirculation, as well as release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and hormones. SP6 Patch is a nanoscale nontransdermal device that mildly stimulates Stomach 36 (zusanli) and other acupuncture points. As stimulation of these points has been indicated to have an ef...

Background Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) present a promising alternative to current materials for surgical ventricular restoration (SVR); however, the clinical application remains limited by inadequate vascularization postimplantation. Moreover, a suitable and economic animal model for primary screening is another important issue. Methods Recently, we used 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)c...