Studies of forest declines are important, because they both reduce timber production and affect successional trajectories of landscapes and ecosystems. Of particular interest is the decline of red pines which is characterized by expanding areas of dead and chlorotic trees in plantations throughout the Great Lakes Region. Here we examine the impact of two bark beetle groups, namely red turpentin...

Competitive, interactions among bark beetle associated fungi are potentially influenced by abiotic factors. Water potential, in particular, undergoes marked changes over the course of beetle colonization of tree hosts. To investigate the impact of water potential on competition among three southern pine beetle associated fungi, Ophiostoma minus, Entomocorticium sp. A and Ceratocystiopsis ranacu...

Although arthropods are abundant and diverse in and on macrofungal sporocarps, their associations with fungi seldom have been described at a community level. We examined sporocarp-associated beetle communities in two primary sites in the Appalachian Mountains and foothills, assessing beetle diversity and abundance in relation to study site, sampling season (early vs. late summer), and sporocarp...

Abstract. In order to study the effect of carbon impurity in plasma on tungsten first wall, hydrogen-carbon mixed ion beam was irradiated to tungsten. It was found that very small amount of carbon (~0.3% or more) significantly enhanced blister formation. According to XPS analysis, all of tungsten atoms in a top surface were combined with carbon atoms to form tungsten carbide (WC) layer (~6 nm t...

BACKGROUND Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare group of chronic autoimmune disorders characterized by blister producing lesions. It is the variant most likely to occur in the oral cavity and eyes. Few studies shows autoimmune bullous diseases associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). CASE PRESENTATION oral blisters, painful ulcerations and eye symblepharon were observed in a ...

The effect of protein binding on drug penetration into blister fluid was evaluated by using cefonicid, ceftizoxime, and cefotaxime. Drug concentrations in a chamber with a high surface area/volume ratio (i.e., paper disk) follow changes in serum more closely than do those in a chamber with a low surface area/volume ratio. Both the area under the concentration-time curve ratio and the concentrat...

The pharmacokinetics of the new cephalosporin Ro-13-9904 were studied in six healthy male volunteers receiving a 500-mg dose as a bolus intravenously. Tissue penetration of the antibiotic was estimated by using a cantharides blister method. The data obtained fitted a two-compartment open model. The mean elimination half-life was about 8 h, which is considerably longer than that of other beta-la...

HE first seven generations of a selection experiment designed to allow exTperimental evaluation of a restricted selection index were reported by OKADA and HARDIN (1967). The index was computed to produce maximum response in 14-day larval weight of Tribolium castaneum while preventing a correlated increase in 30-day adult weight. Not only was the index effective for restricting the change of 30-...