Through the history and since 1933, the Iranian rial has declined from 11.2 rials per dollar to almost 8600 rials per dollar today in the parallel or black market. At the same time the official rate has been kept at artificial level most of the time, not consistent with other macro conditions of the country. Historically, however, the Central bank has adjusted the official rate and brought it i...

  Even though intervertebral disc degeneration can be found in the natural course of alkaptonuria, detection of the disease by black disc color change in a patient without any other presentation of alkaptonuria is an exceptionally rare condition. We have reported a very rare case of alkaptonuria presented with low back pain and steppage gait in a 51-year-old male with a complaint of chronic low...

in iran, there are about 10% losses in black tea processing, which is called tea dust. tea dust is produced through black tea screening, during the last stage of production. in this research, regarding the increasing demand for new beverages, the production of iced tea beverage using black tea dust was investigated. process of iced tea involved tea solid extraction and then mixing with edible a...

the black-striped pipefish, syngnathus abaster, is a species of the syngnathidae family. this study provides data on the morphometric, meristic and genetic structuring of the caspian sea pipefish, syngnathus abaster. eight morphometric characteristics based on total length and five morphometric characteristics based on standard length were analyzed. a total of 50 specimens were collected in bra...

Daily counts of germinated seeds of white saxaul (Haloxylon persicum) incubated at 35 different hydrothermal environments (10-25?C and 0 to -3 MPa) were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions. The seeds were then buried in sand at 4 different depths in well drained pots constantly moisturized for three weeks. In all these hydrothermal conditions, the courses of germination were comp...

This paper presents <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bid...

fermentation is an important process for black tea production. during this process, by exposure of substrate to enzymes and the underlying oxidation reactions, quality determining factors of tea is produced. it is known that the exogenous application of cell-wall degrading enzymes leads to the increased production of these compounds through enhancement of enzyme-substrate interactions. pectinas...

background and objectives: non-sanitary conditions during the drying, transport and storage stages in the production of spices could introduce mycotoxin contamination. the aim of the current study was to determine the concentration of ochratoxin a (ota) in 92 commercial spices (including red pepper, black pepper, turmeric and cinnamon) imported to iran. materials and methods: ota levels were de...

background: members of this genus aureobasidium are ubiquitous microorganisms which can be isolated from wide ranges of substrates such as plant materials (phyllosphere, plant debris, bark, roots, fruits and wood), soil, dead wood, air, and as rare etiologic agent of pheohyphomycosis, keratomycosis, septicemia, peritoneal sepsis, and dermatological infections in human. very little is known on t...