Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is associated with premature birth, and injury during term birth. Many infants experiencing HI later show disruptions of language, with research suggesting that rapid auditory processing (RAP) deficits (i.e., impairment in the ability to discriminate rapidly changing acoustic signals), play a causal role in language problems. We recently bridged these lines of research by ...

Case Age at Cause of No. Onset Sex Ophthalmoplegia Manifestation (yrs) 1 47 F S u b a r a c h no i d !Fuchs's phenomenon of lid retraction on adduction haemorrhage Pseudo-Graefe phenomenon of lid retraction on looking down 2 i F Typhoid Paradoxical retraction on occlusion of sound eye 3 5 M Head injury Lid retraction on attempted adduction Pseudo-Graefe phenomenon of lid retraction on looking d...

Birth fractures predominantly affect the clavicle, humerus or femur. Brachial plexus injury may co-exist with humeral or clavicular fractures. From January 2002 to December 2010, 8 neonates with fractures after caesarean section were treated under the supervision of the first author following obstructed labour and caesarean delivery. The most classical of the cases is a vertex-presenting neonat...

The expression of the heat shock proteins hsp27 and hsp70 was examined in the spinal cord and sciatic nerves of developing rats. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that hsp27 is present in many motoneurones at birth. With development, the intensity of staining increases, reaching adult levels by 21 days, when all sciatic motoneurones express hsp27. In the sciatic nerve, hsp27 is strongly expr...

Worldwide, approximately 10% of neonates are born preterm. The majority of preterm neonates are born when the kidneys are still developing; therefore, during the early postnatal period renal function is likely reflective of renal immaturity and/or injury. This study evaluated glomerular and tubular function and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL; a marker of renal injury) ...

The human brain is functionally altered through experience, a phenomenon known as plasticity. Relevant experiences may be negative, as in brain injury. Adult brain injury results in permanent impairment. However, it has been assumed that early injury leads to substantial functional recovery. Animal studies suggest several predictions regarding whether this principle generally holds true. These ...

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth are frequent comorbidities and, combined, increase the risk of adverse respiratory outcomes compared with that in appropriately grown (AG) infants. Potential underlying reasons for this increased respiratory morbidity in IUGR infants compared with AG infants include altered fetal lung development, fetal lung inflammation, increased respir...

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between mental health treatment patterns and risk of injuries among a Western Australian male birth cohort. Method: A population-based birth-cohort of males born between 1980 and 1984 in Western Australia was followed up using linked health data. Results: Participants with mental health conditions were at an increased risk of in...

BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is an apparently spontaneous experience triggered by abnormal physiology of the peripheral or central nervous system, which evolves with time. Neuropathic pain arising from peripheral nerve injury is characterized by a combination of spontaneous pain, hyperalgesia and allodynia. There is no evidence of this type of pain in human infants or rat pups; brachial plexus a...

BACKGROUND The onset of mechanical ventilation is a critical time for the initiation of cerebral white matter (WM) injury in preterm neonates, particularly if they are inadvertently exposed to high tidal volumes (VT) in the delivery room. Protective ventilation strategies at birth reduce ventilation-induced lung and brain inflammation and injury, however its efficacy in a compromised newborn is...