The demographics of bird watchers have recently become a topic of increased interest. Race or nationality is one demographic parameter that has been discussed in some depth. This paper further quantifies the relative prevalence of African Americans among U.S. bird watchers and identifies potential barriers that may prevent African Americans from becoming bird watchers. Two questionnaires (one f...

Schistosomes are blood flukes that parasitize the venous system of a wide range of animals including birds, cattle and primates. There are seven human pathogenic species of which the, most prevalent are S. hematobium, found mainly in Africa, S. mansoni found in Latin America as well as Africa, and S. japonicum, endemic in China and the Far East. According to WHO estimates, some 700 million inha...

In the town of Bakel, the French scientist Le Dantec encountered 20 patients showing symptoms of “vesical Schistosomiasis” in 1908. This represents the first record of schistosomiasis cases in Senegal [1]. In line with the country’s great diversity in aquatic habitat within Senegal, at least five species of snails are known to act as intermediate hosts for human infective schistosomes: Bulinus ...

In this review the available reports on drug resistance in human helminths, particularly hookworms and schistosomes, are critically analyzed. The experiences with helminths of livestock are then reviewed, in particular the factors contributing to the development of anthelmintic resistance, the mechanisms and genetics of resistance to various anthelmintic classes, and the methods available for d...

Introduction Partial protection against challenge infections with normal cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni or S. japonicum has been induced by immunization with attenuated cercariae of either species. Immunization was successful in a number of different hosts including laboratory rodents and larger mammals. In most cases cercariae or schistosomula were irradiated with gamma or X-irradiation. The...

effect of ethanol consumption on fear response in human and conventional animal models (rodents) is controversial. the present study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanol administration on fearfulness in poultry as an alternative animal model.being a reliable measure in avian species, tonic immobility was used to evaluate the fear response in 60 roosters orally administered with ethanol. d...

the determination of toxoplasma gondii prevalence in a variety of domestic birds is thought as a good indicator of distribution of t.gondii ooccyts in the environment. to verify the potential role of domestic birds in circulating toxoplasmosis in iran, the present study was conducted in mazandaran provinces, northern iran. latex agglutination test (la) antibodies were found in 25 of 58 free-ran...