Computed tomography (CT) of the pancreas shows specific images in cases of pancreatitis or malignant tumors. However. precise a nalysis of CT images of the pancreas in other diseases or in normal individuals has not been made. After an extensive study on the pancreatic CT images of patients without liver cirrhosis. gall stones. diahetes mellitus. malignant tumors or pancreatitis. we reponed tha...

Previous studies of wild-type mice or mutant-wild-type mouse chimeras using the neurological mutant staggerer have supported a numerical matching hypothesis for target-related cell death. However, analyses of chimeras of a second neurological mutant, lurcher, have suggested that there may be significant flexibility in the relationship between the numbers of pre- and postsynaptic neurons. Wherea...

The mammalian cerebellum is a highly multimodal structure, receiving inputs from multiple sensory modalities and integrating them during complex sensorimotor coordination tasks. Previously, using cell-type-specific anatomical projection mapping, it was shown that multimodal pathways converge onto individual cerebellar granule cells (Huang et al., 2013). Here we directly measure synaptic current...

We found that membrane-less protein condensates, such as of P-granule LAF1, are able to provide an additional vehicle regulate storage and transport membrane-associated signaling proteins K-Ras4B the lipid membrane.

Platelets contain two main types of secretory organelles, the dense granules and the alpha-granules. P-selectin, a specific receptor for leukocytes that is present in the alpha-granule membrane, has also been demonstrated to be associated with the dense granule limiting membrane, showing that a relationship exists between these two types of secretory granules. We have previously shown that the ...

kappa opioid receptor activation inhibits granule cell-mediated excitatory neurotransmission in the hippocampal formation via a decrease in glutamate release from both perforant path and mossy fiber terminals. We now report a third, anatomically and pharmacologically distinct site of such kappa opioid inhibition within the hippocampus. Granule cell population responses to selective stimulation ...

Many complex neuronal circuits have been shown to display nonrandom features in their connectivity. However, the functional impact of nonrandom network topologies in neurological diseases is not well understood. The dentate gyrus is an excellent circuit in which to study such functional implications because proepileptic insults cause its structure to undergo a number of specific changes in both...

In addition to the exclusively granule-bound starch synthase GBSSI, starch granules also bind significant proportions of other starch biosynthetic enzymes, particularly starch synthases (SS) SSI and SSIIa, and starch branching enzyme (BE) BEIIb. Whether this association is a functional aspect of starch biosynthesis, or results from non-specific entrapment during amylopectin crystallization, is ...

Mammalian cortical granules contain two polypeptides (p62 and p56) that are incorporated into the cortical granule envelope after fertilization and function in cleavage of the zygote and the preimplantation blastomeres. Since the echinoderm hyaline layer and mammalian cortical granule envelope are analogous, and since the hyaline layer protein, hyalin, functions in early echinoderm embryogenesi...

Mast cell granule remnants contain heparin proteoglycans and bind low density lipoproteins (LDL). Phagocytosis of such LDL-coated remnants by smooth muscle cells of synthetic phenotype (s-SMC) leads to cellular accumulation of LDL-derived cholesteryl esters (Wang et al. 1995. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 15: 801-810). In the present study, we investigated the pathway by which granule remna...