Abstract This paper analyzes the coordination challenge a partial cartel faces when payoff asymmetries between potential insiders and outsiders are large. We introduce two experimental treatments: standard treatment where complete can be supported in Nash equilibrium modified both equilibrium. To assess role of communication treatments additionally run with “chat option,” yielding four total. O...

Electrocatalysis at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) is an emerging field of research, which allows separation reactants according to their lipophilicity. Electrocatalysts various natures (noble metals, carbon-based and inorganic nanomaterials, enzymes, supramolecular ensembles) are assembled ITIES, either spontaneously or following application interfacial Galv...

in this work, benzyl alcohol was obtained in 96% excellent yield by hydrolysis of benzyl chloride catalyzedby the recyclable temperature-dependant phase-separation system that comprised the ionic liquid peg1000-dail[bf4], toluene and ferric sulfate under homogeneous catalysis in aqueous media. this novel methodnot only enhanced the yield, but also made the operating units easy workup. the catal...

The effect of temperature on the phase behavior of a polycation-anionic/nonionic mixed micelle system, poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)-sodium dodecylsulfate/Triton X-100, was studied over a wide range of surfactant compositions, ionic strengths, and polycation molecular weights using turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering. Soluble complexes become biphasic upon heating through either ...

Introduction: Glabrous skin and hairy skin are innervated by different types of noxious fibers. However, the different nociceptive behaviors induced by formalin, a commonly used model of acute inflammatory pain, have not yet been systematically examined in the glabrous and hairy skin. Methods: In this study, we compared nociceptive behaviors induced by formalin injections (2%, 4%, and 8%) into...

In Drosophila, the BMP binding protein Short gastrulation (Sog) both enhances and inhibits BMP activity in a spatially dependent manner, likely by facilitating transport of BMPs. In this report we examine the properties of a second Sog-like protein, Crossveinless 2 (Cv-2), and show that like Sog, it is a secreted BMP-binding protein that can either augment or inhibit BMP signaling. Unlike Sog h...

Commentary As physicians who treat patients with epilepsy, we find ourselves considering whether the seizures patients describe to us have sufficient impact to warrant removal of driving privileges or other special safety considerations. These decisions are often clear-cut, based on the patients' or observers' descriptions. When a patient indicates that they are not aware of their own activitie...