The biohydrogenation (BH) theory represents a unifying concept to explain the basis for diet-induced milk fat depression (MFD) where unusual intermediates of ruminal fatty acid BH accumulate in the rumen and eventually reduce milk fat synthesis in the mammary gland. Under certain dietary situations the rumen environment is altered and a portion of BH occurs via a pathway that produces trans-10,...

Conjugated linoleic acid is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid with two conjugated unsaturated double bonds at various carbon positions in the fatty acid chain. An increasing interest on CLA is attributed to its potential health benefits such as anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, antidiabetic and antiadipogenic effects. More than a dozen isomers of CLA are present in...

This study evaluated the effects of tannins on ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) due to shifts in the ruminal microbial environment in sheep. Thirteen lambs (45 days of age) were assigned to two dietary treatments: seven lambs were fed a barley-based concentrate (control group) while the other six lambs received the same concentrate with supplemental quebracho tannins (9.57% of dry matter). At 122 ...

Following the isolation, cultivation and characterization of the rumen bacterium Anaerovibrio lipolyticus in the 1960s, it has been recognized as one of the major species involved in lipid hydrolysis in ruminant animals. However, there has been limited characterization of the lipases from the bacterium, despite the importance of understanding lipolysis and its impact on subsequent biohydrogenat...

High fat ingredients are commonplace in diets fed to dairy cattle and include commercial fat supplements designed for convenient transport and mixing, oilseeds such as cottonseed or soybeans, or byproducts such as distillers grains, tallow, or food processing wastes. additional fat remain focused today, as in the past, on minimizing problems with intake, rumen function, and digestibility. All o...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different forage:concentrate (FC) ratios in dairy ewe diets supplemented with sunflower oil (SO) on animal performance and milk fatty acid (FA) profile, particularly focusing on trans C18:1 FA and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Sixty lactating Assaf ewes were randomly assigned to 6 treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement: 3 FC ratios (30:...

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are important components of mammalian diets, and the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA on human development and cardiovascular health have been well documented. Caenorhabditis elegans is one of the few animals known to be able to produce linoleic (LA, 18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic (ALA, 18:3n-3) essential fatty acids. These essential PUFA are generated by the acti...

Linseed lipid in the dietary composition is a major factor influencing the fatty acid composition of milk from ruminants, because fatty acids which reach the duodenum are, at least in part, of dietary origin as well as the result of ruminal microbial biohydrogenation of dietary lipids. In this review, the effect of linseed lipid on ruminal fatty acid metabolism, nutrient digestibility, microbia...

This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding oil palm frond silage based diets with added linseed oil (LO) containing high α -linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), namely, high LO (HLO), low LO (LLO), and without LO as the control group (CON) on the fatty acid (FA) composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue and the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α , PP...

to estimate the effect of microencapsulated fish oil on blood metabolites, rumen and blood plasma fatty acids concentrations twelve sannan dairy goats with 30 ± 5 days in milk (dim) were allocated to 3 treatments in a 3×2 change over design with 2 periods of 30 days. treatments were: 1) the control (without fish oil), 2) microencapsulated fish oil (2% fish oil capsulated in 6% treated whey prot...