Reprocessing comprises three steps: cleaning, disinfection and-if required-sterilisation. While the extents of disinfection and of sterilisation are quantitatively defined, there are only imprecise (qualitative) definitions of cleaning. There are two main reasons for accurate cleaning. First organic and inorganic materials that remain on inner and outer surfaces will interfere with the efficacy...

Low-energy surface acoustic waves generated from electrically activated piezo elements are shown to effectively prevent microbial biofilm formation on indwelling medical devices. The development of biofilms by four different bacteria and Candida species is prevented when such elastic waves with amplitudes in the nanometer range are applied. Acoustic-wave-activated Foley catheters have all their...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the hypothesis that newly formed wound biofilms (or bioburdens) are more susceptible to antimicrobial treatment. METHOD Four separate and distinct models were performed by four separate biofilm research laboratories to evaluate the resistance of biofilms to antimicrobial treatments over time. These included a drip-flow biofilm model along with a hydrodebridement study...

OBJECTIVE. To determine the effectiveness of an automated ultraviolet-C (UV-C) emitter against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Clostridium difficile, and Acinetobacter spp. in patient rooms. DESIGN. Prospective cohort study. SETTING. Two tertiary care hospitals. PARTICIPANTS. Convenience sample of 39 patient rooms from which a patient infected or colonized with 1 of the 3 targeted patho...

Background Anesthesia machines are known reservoirs of bacterial species, potentially contributing to healthcare associated infections (HAIs). An inexpensive, disposable, nonpermeable, transparent anesthesia machine wrap (AMW) may reduce microbial contamination of the anesthesia machine. This study quantified the density and diversity of bacterial species found on anesthesia machines after term...

The aim of the study was to research international experience in quality assurance products based on skin cells order identify features control strategy development, production, as well during an expert assessment a part state registration procedure Russian Federation. Materials and methods. article provides analysis materials presented reports USA Japanese regulatory authorities, official webs...

Foot infections in individuals with diabetes are a major cause of morbidity, constituting the most common reason for both diabetes-related hospitalization and lower extremity amputations (1,2). Optimal treatment of these diabetic foot infections requires recognizing which foot ulcers are infected and prescribing pathogen-appropriate antibiotic therapy. Most experts concur that diagnosing infect...

Abstract Background Microbial contamination of high-touch surfaces (HTS) in health care settings contributes to pathogen transmission. HTS quickly become re-contaminated after disinfection. A quaternary ammonium (QA) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based disinfectant (Sani-24®) with reported continuously active disinfection (CAD) properties for up 24 hours has been associated reduced microbial buil...

Bacterial and fungal biofilms are a significant problem in many clinical settings particularly wounds and soft tissue lesions by virtue of their increased tolerance towards conventionally prescribed antimicrobials (Percival and Bowler, 2004; Davis et al, 2006; Dryden et al, 2017a). Antibiotic use in such conditions (chronic wounds, burns, certain surgical sites, prosthetic devices, chronic resp...