Four Holstein steers (466 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 X 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the ruminal escape protein value and post ruminal digestibility of menhaden fish meal (FM) vs two high-bypass protein blends in an 88% concentrate finishing diet. Blend 1 (B-1) contained 5% fish meal, 25% meat and bone meal, 20% blood meal, and 50% hydro...

We present simultaneous high-resolution optical spectroscopy and X-ray data of the X-ray binary system GRMus (XB 1254–690), obtained over a full range of orbital phases. The X-ray observations are used to re-establish the orbital ephemeris for this source. The optical data includes the first spectroscopic detection of the donor star in this system, through the use of the Doppler Tomography tech...

Establishing how the conformation of organic photovoltaic (OPV) polymers affects their electronic and transport properties is critical in order to determine design rules for new OPV materials and in particular to understand the performance enhancements recently reported for ternary blends. We report coupled classical and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations showing that polymer linkage twis...

Vertical phase separation of the donor and the acceptor in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells is crucial to improve the exciton dissociation and charge transport efficiencies. This is because whilst the exciton diffusion length is limited, the organic film must be thick enough to absorb sufficient light. However, it is still a challenge to control the phase separation of a binary blend in ...

We consider the phase behavior of a symmetric AB diblock, blended with corresponding A and B homopolymers, all of equal chain length. Evaluating the phase diagram in mean-field theory at all compositions of the ternary blend, we find no hexagonal and cubic phases. However, up to three distinct lamellar phases can coexist, one being symmetric and the other two being asymmetric. For strong incomp...

In this work, we demonstrate that path-integral schemes, derived in the context of many-body quantum systems, benefit the simulation of Gaussian chains representing polymers. Specifically, we show how to decrease discretization corrections with little extra computation from the usual O(1/P(2)) to O(1/P(4)), where P is the number of beads representing the chains. As a consequence, high-order int...

The difficulty to study intrinsically slow collective processes by computer simulation of particle models stems from multiple disparate time scales (e.g., stiff bonded interactions versus soft nonbonded interactions). Continuum models, which describe the system by collective variables rather than the coordinates of the individual molecular constituents, often do not suffer from this time-scale ...

Tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), in which the vibrating tip periodically approaches, interacts and retracts from the sample surface, is the most common AFM imaging method. The tip experiences attractive and repulsive forces that depend on the chemical and mechanical properties of the sample, yet conventional AFM tips are limited in their ability to resolve these time-varying forces. ...