introduction percutaneous nephrolithotomy is generally considered a safe option for the management of large complex or infectious upper urinary tract calculi. biliary tract injury is a rare and potentially serious complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy that can even lead to mortality, especially in cases where biliary peritonitis develops. all reported cases of biliary tract injury have b...

conclusions laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and feasible technique to manage cholecystocutaneous fistulas. case presentation a 55-year-old male with comorbidities presented with a discharging sinus at the right upper quadrant area after an abdominal wall abscess drainage. a computerized tomography scan showed a biliary fistula. laparoscopic cholecystectomy was carried out successfully. i...

biliary sludge

Graves' disease may result in significant proptosis that causes visual loss. This has been traditionally managed surgically by external bony skeleton decompression. Tran nasal endoscopic orbital decompression is as a new technique that avoids the need for cutaneous or gingival incisions. Decompression of the medial orbital wall can be performed up to the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. Thi...

Background: Chronic pancreatitis caused by common bile duct segment stenosis is a common complication. It often results in near side bile duct expansion, bile drain disorder, appearing serious obstructive jaundice, biliary cirrhosis, lifethreatening. However, chronic pancreatitis causes not bravery manager narrow some light, some heavy, and the clinical manifestation is different too. We think ...

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biliary drainagehas emerged as an alternative modality for an obstructed intrahepatic duct (IHD). However, isolated right IHD obstruction hasnot been considered suitable for EUS-guided intervention because the right IHD may not be immediately adjacent to the duodenal wall or because the portal vein could be close to the route of approach [1]. We report our exp...