Bifid mandibular condyle, usually diagnosed on routine radiographic examination, is described in the literature as a rare entity. Its cause is controversial, and it has no predilection by sex or ethnic background. Dental professionals should have some knowledge of this anatomic abnormality, as well as its implications for function and appropriate treatment modalities, so that they can be alert ...

The bifid condylar process is a rare anomaly. Most of the known cases are radiographic findings, mainly in ortopantomography and nuclear magnetic resonance. The condition is usually asymptomatic, while in some cases are associated with ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint. It is reported that the presence of bifid condylar process is not determined by age and gender, but the findings are am...

INTRODUCTION The classic submucous cleft palate triad was described by Calnan in 1954. The findings include a bifid uvula, a bony notch in the posterior hard palate, and a furrow along the midline of the soft palate. The furrow represents an area of diastasis of the velopharyngeal muscle sling and is often referred to as the zona pellucida. In 1975, Kaplan first reported on the ‘‘occult’’ submu...

The peripheral vestibular system is faced by a sensory ambiguity, where primary otolith afferents respond identically to translational (inertial) accelerations and changes in head orientation relative to gravity. Under certain conditions, this sensory ambiguity can be resolved using extra-otolith cues, including semicircular canal signals. Here we review and summarize how neurons in the vestibu...

OBJECTIVES Traditional voice research focuses on the vocal tract, articulators, and larynx. By ignoring their direct/indirect attachments (skull, cervical spine, and sternum) important information may be missed. We aim to investigate vocal structures within this wider context and assess the validity of this approach for subsequent voice production studies. STUDY DESIGN/METHOD Using a cross-se...

A 4-year-old boy underwent a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy for tonsillar and adenoidal hypertrophy. The patient developed difficulty breathing after a nonbloody emesis during the car ride home after surgery. The parents noticed a mass in the patient’s mouth and brought him to the clinic. On examination, he had normal vital signs with no respiratory distress and a pulse oximetry of 98% in room...

a three day old neonate was referred to our department with a problem of a sternal cleft. sternal clefts are often associated with a myriad of other abnormalities ranging from mild to severe. we present our experience with such a problem, and review the current literature concerning it.