Retributive justice is a system by which offenders are punished in proportion to the moral magnitude of their intentionally committed harms. This chapter lays out the emerging psychological principles that underlie citizens’ intuitions regarding punishment. We rely on experimental methods and conclude that intuitions of justice are broadly consistent with the principles of retributive justice, ...

Offender rehabilitation, pitting the rational ability of criminal justice against the seeming irrationality of criminal behavior, remains controversial. Psychology highlights the importance of emotions in mediating individual behavior. Borrowing from restorative justice as a more emotionally intelligent form of justice, this article examines the role of shame and guilt in a domestic violence of...

As we commemorate the centenary of World War 1 and the offi cial withdrawal of UK military troops from Afghanistan, the fate of former armed forces personnel has come into sharp focus once again. Most of the current generation of personnel who leave service make successful transitions back into civilian life. However, some personnel do not. A proportion will develop mental health problems, and ...

conclusions besides, there are some novel agents, yet under research, which could affect the future of anesthetic agents' fate regarding their hepatic effects. results however, we have evidence that there is some concern regarding their effects on the liver cells. fortunately not all the anesthetics are blamed and even some could be used safely, based on the available evidence. evidence acquisi...

The question of how to make higher education more inclusive has been a central concern in South Africa and elsewhere over the past two decades. However, in South Africa there remains a disjuncture between policy aimed at promoting inclusivity and the experiences of students and staff in the higher education sector. In this article, the relationship between equity of access and equity of outcome...

As has been the case with other types of medical tourism, the phenomenon of cross border fertility care ("CBFC") has sparked concern about the lack of global or even national harmonization in the regulation of the fertility industry. The diversity of laws around the globe leads would-be parents to forum shop for a welcoming place to make babies. Focusing specifically on the phenomenon of travel...

during the pahlavid first period,ie after reza shah's ascencion to the throne,the modernization of all the pillars of state,including the juridical system was brought to government's attention.the government's approach in this process was keeping itself away from the religious legal system and inclining to secular structures.this approach aroused ulama's reaction,because they considered themsel...