BACKGROUND Multiple treatments exist for fecal incontinence. However, the relative and additive influence of commonly used behavioral approaches remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials to synthesize the effects of behavioral treatment of fecal incontinence with constipation in children aged 4-18 years. Mixed treatment comparisons (MTCs) and ...

Game theory has focused attention on different problems at different times in its history. Currently, attention is devoted to investigating how human decision makers with bounded rationality choose strategies in interactive decisions. Behavioral economics, and more generally experimental games, have appeared in the literature with accelerating frequency since 1990, and this cannot continue inde...

PURPOSE Few studies have addressed the specific behavioral changes associated with primary brain tumor (PBT). This paper will report on the frequency and demographic/clinical correlates of such behaviors, and the reliability of rating such behaviors among people with PBT, family informants, and clinicians. The association of behavioral changes and patient functional status will also be discusse...

BACKGROUND The peer-led, social media-delivered intervention is an emerging method in sexual health promotion. However, no research has yet investigated its effectiveness as compared with other online channels or in an Asian population. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to compare a peer-led, social media-delivered, safer sex intervention with a sexual health website. Both conditions t...

UNLABELLED We determined whether children who are extremely anxious during the induction of anesthesia are more at risk of developing postoperative negative behavioral changes compared with children who appear calm during the induction process. Children (n = 91) aged 1-7 yr scheduled for general anesthesia and elective outpatient surgery were recruited. Using validated measures of preoperative ...

BACKGROUND Discussion about dietary factors in relation to behavioral problems in children and adolescents has been going on for a long time. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional relation between diet and self-reported behavioral problems at school in adolescents in the southern part of Norway. DESIGN In total, 475 ninth- and tenth-grade students (236 boys ...

Voluntary covert attention selects relevant sensory information for prioritized processing. The behavioral and neural consequences of such selection have been extensively documented, but its phenomenology has received little empirical investigation. Involuntary attention increases perceived spatial frequency (Gobell & Carrasco, 2005), but involuntary attention can differ from voluntary attentio...

JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY TITLE PAGE 1 TITLE: Frequency dependence of behavioral modulation by hippocampal electrical stimulation 2 ABBREVIATED TITLE: Behavioral modulation by hippocampal electrical stimulation 3 AUTHORS: Giorgio La Corte, Yina Wei, Nick Chernyy, Bruce J. Gluckman and Steven J. Schiff 4 1. Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Penn...

Veteran patients with certain types of infections and cancers are routinely treated with therapeutic agents having ototoxic potential, thus threatening loss of hearing sensitivity which preexists in the majority of these patients. To prevent communication deficits requiring intervention, this laboratory is developing instrumentation and techniques for early detection of ototoxicity. For this st...

The tuning of neuronal responsiveness to specific stimulus frequencies is an important computation across many sensory modalities. The weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus detects amplitude modulations of a self-generated quasi-sinusoidal electric organ discharge to sense its environment. These fish have to parse a complicated electrosensory environment with a wide range of possible f...