As the name indicates, a renewal process is one that “renews” itself regularly. That is, there is a sequence of times {Tn, n ∈ Z} such that the process after time Tn is independent of what happened before that time and has a distribution that does not depend on n. We have seen examples of such processes before. As a simple example, one could consider a Poisson process with jump times Tn. As ano...

toodeh party was one of the organized parties in the first days of iran's islamic revolution. this party began its cooperation with the revolutionary forces after 16th polonium and nooraldin kianoori's election as its first secretary. its support from imam khomeini's leadership and the revolution was based on its analysis and understanding of the socio-political forces' posi...

Societies before the Industrial Revolution were dependent on the annual cycle of plant photosynthesis for both heat and mechanical energy. The quantity of energy available each year was therefore limited, and economic growth was necessarily constrained. In the Industrial Revolution, energy usage increased massively and output rose accordingly. The energy source continued to be plant photosynthe...

abstract:one of the aspects of the human life is its political-social aspect. resorting to some traditions, some claim that any uprising and revolution, before the reappearance of the standing imam, and establishing a government in the occultation period, is unlawful. they say, “any flag raised before the reappearance of the imam of the time is tyrannical. this paper has reconsidered the transm...

this study tries to show how gender as a discourse construction has been formed since decades before the islamic revolution in imam khomeini’s words differently from then language system capacity, power and residence relations embodied in the traditional discourses, pre-revolution modernization period, in a context of political and social events and how it has stabilized or transformed the cust...

primary man in trying to find food went everywhere. but by forming ranching arranged a chain of places and became emigrant. by happening industrial revolution, human life was centralized on one place.  places that base on its advantages make different biologic and behavioral types. forming cities in seaboard, river shore, boundary of mountains and champaign cause to make different cultures that...

The purpose of this paper is to explain the causes of long-run movements in the parallel market premium in the pre-and-post revolution Iranian economy. The paper suggests that the premium is affected by both real and monetary shocks. Non-spurious co-integration results indicate that negative oil revenue shocks and a revolution-induced exogenous capital outflow caused the parallel market paralle...

This paper is the first study that analyzes the drivers of political protest using longitudinal data from a critical revolution that changed –at least temporarily– the political landscape in a transition country. We make use of a rich dataset consisting of panel data collected before and after the so called “Orange” revolution in Ukraine. Our empirical approach tackles two different –and equall...

doctor shoja-ad-din sheikholeslamzadeh (also known as dr. sheikh) (1931-2014) was an outstanding orthopedic surgeon. he is credited for the establishment of the iranian association of rehabilitation, shafa yahyaian hospital as an orthopedic and rehabilitation center, the social welfare organization, iran’s emergency dispatch center (115) and many other major projects that led to the upgrading o...