some criteria of density in beech saplings were studied in various forest associations (mainly galio odorati-fagetum typicum) growing in the submontane region near zurich (swiss central plateau). the sample plots were established in regeneration gaps resulting from swiss irregular shelter wood system (femelschlag). five sample plots, each 2x2m in 3 transects (a total of 15 plots in each gap, x ...

hydrothermal treatment of wood material products with many interesting properties such as enhanced dimensional stability, lower equilibrium moisture content and increased biological durability. the effects of hydrothermal treatment on dimensional stability, oven dry density and water absorption of beech wood (fagus orientalis) naturally grown, has been studied in present research that extremely...

-gporocarps of hypogeous mycorrhizal fungi (truffles) are the major food of northern flying squirrels (Gluucomys satinus). The two subspecies of northern flying squirrels that occur in the southern Appalachians, G. s. colmatus and G. s. fuscus, are endangered species which are primarily found in the ecotone between high-elevation spruce-fir and northern hardwood forests. Our objective was to de...

Fungal communities have been shown to be highly sensitive toward shifts in plant diversity and species composition in forest ecosystems. However, little is known about the impact of forest management on fungal diversity and community composition of geographically separated sites. This study examined the effects of four different forest management types on soil fungal communities. These forest m...

Beech bark disease (BBD) is a significant threat to forests of North America and the impact BBD on radial growth in American beech substantial. We developed novel hierarchical Bayesian (HB) model simultaneously dynamics, tree growth, interaction two. Our can be adapted both emerging more mature forest–pathogen systems aid ecosystem loss predictions. Long-term data from single site minimized pot...

Throughfall, that is, the fraction of rainfall passes through forest canopy, is strongly influenced by and stand characteristics which are in turn both subject to seasonal dynamics. Disentangling complex interplay these controls challenging, only possible with long-term monitoring a large number throughfall events measured parallel at different stands. We therefore based our analysis on 346 acr...

Natural regeneration of tree species is sensitive to silvicultural interventions. This study aimed investigate the effects different cutting intensities and local topographic soil conditions on composition stable carbon (δ13C) oxygen (δ18O) isotopes in wood young beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees. Beech saplings layer were sampled summer 2018 at three sites Dinaric fir-beech forests karst area S...

A beech bark disease infested American beech tree (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) and two uninfested trees were selected in a mature natural stand in Michigan, USA, and mated to form two full-sib families for evaluating the inheritance of resistance to beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind.), the insect element of beech bark disease. Four half-sib families from both infested and uninfested trees we...