Predators of pollinators can influence pollination services and plant fitness via both consumptive (reducing pollinator density) and non-consumptive (altering pollinator behaviour) effects. However, a better knowledge of the mechanisms underlying behaviourally mediated indirect effects of predators is necessary to properly understand their role in community dynamics. We used the tripartite rela...

The application of compost bedding system on sheep farm is a technology to minimize the negative impact manure waste toward environment. microorganisms which inhabit bedding, especially nitrifying bacteria are expected have significant role in odor emission reduction become environmental problem around farm. This study aims analyze abundance and diversity obtained from important reducing ammoni...

The South Saskatchewan River has a long term average discharge of 275 m3/sec, with flood peaks in the range of IS00 to 3800 nP/sec. South of Saskatoon, the four major types of geomorphological elements recognised are channels, slipfacebounded bars, sand flats and vegefated islands and floodplains. Major channels are 3-5 m deep, up to 200 m wide, and flow around sand flats which are 50-2000 m lo...

This article suggests a method for classifying sows’ activity types performed in farrowing house. Five types of activity are modeled using multivariate dynamic linear models: High active (HA), Medium active (MA), Lying laterally on one side (L1), Lying laterally on the other side (L2) and Lying sternally (LS). The classification method is based on a Multi Process Kalman Filter (MPKF) of class I...

Relationships between air quality, a variety of environmental risk factors, and calf respiratory health were studied in 13 naturally ventilated calf barns during winter. A minimum of 12 preweaned calves were randomly selected and scored for the presence of respiratory disease in each barn. An air sampling device was used to determine airborne bacteria colony-forming units per cubic meter (cfu/m...

Several fungal plant pathogens induce 'pseudoflowers' on their hosts to facilitate insect-mediated transmission of gametes and spores. When spores must be transmitted to host flowers to complete the fungal life cycle, we predict that pseudoflowers should evolve traits that mimic flowers and attract the most effective vectors in the flower-visiting community. We quantified insect visitation to f...

Novelty stimuli cause various behavioral responses, such as exploration and avoidance, and contextual variables may contribute to the behavioral outputs. Here, we tried to compare the behavioral responses to novel objects of five inbred strains of mice (C57BL/6J, 129/svJae, C3H/HeJ, BALB/cJ and DBA/2J) by using a modified novel object test where a small light-weight cube wrapped with paper was ...