There are several systems in real situations that only accept a single and acceptable benchmark for efficiency improvement. For instance, when we are going to select a target for a country, the target country should be as close as the view of culture, economics and politics to the inefficient country. Otherwise, it would not be acceptable. Therefore, an inefficient country for several reaso...

Active learning methods select informative instances to effectively learn a suitable classifier. Uncertainty sampling, a frequently utilized active learning strategy, selects instances about which the model is uncertain but it does not consider the reasons for why the model is uncertain. In this article, we present an evidence-based framework that can uncover the reasons for why a model is unce...

I argue that Davidson’s conception of motivating reasons as belief-desire pairs suggests a model normative for action is superior to the orthodox according which are propositions, facts, or truth-makers such facts.

prior research has indicated that employee turnover is detrimental to both individuals and organisations. because a turnover intention in the workplace is detrimental, several factors have been suggested to better understand the reasons why employees may decide to leave their organisations. some of the organizational-related factors that have been considered by previous research include perceiv...