The production of vanilla beans is quite expensive, since it is a very labor intensive process and harvesting takes place two to three years after planting. Due to this, the price of natural vanilla bean extract is quite expensive. It is quite often adulterated with cheaper tonka bean extract, which smells and tastes like vanilla bean extract due to the presence of a compound called coumarin1. ...

Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 3, No. 3, September 2009 219 Great northern common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ‘Coyne’ (Reg. No. CV-287, PI 655574) was developed by the dry bean breeding program at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research Division and released in 2008. It is named in honor of Dermot P. Coyne, who was the bean breeder at the University of Nebraska for about 30 Regi...

A family of subsets of an n–set is k–locally thin if for every k of its member sets the ground set has at least one element contained in exactly 1 of them. We derive new asymptotic upper bounds for the maximum cardinality of locally thin set families for every even k. This improves on previous results of two of us with Monti. ∗Research supported in part by a USA Israeli BSF grant and by a grant...

Quercetin is a biological flavonoid, which can be found in red kidney bean at high concentration. In this study, a comparison was conducted between traditional and modern extraction methods. Sequential microwave-assisted extraction was used for isolation of quercetin from red kidney bean. The effect of several factors such as particle size of grinded kidney bean, extraction solvent, microwave p...

Bush bean, long bean, mung bean, and winged bean plants were grown with N fertilizer at rates of 0, 2, 4, and 6 g N m(-2) preceding rice planting. Concurrently, rice was grown with N fertilizer at rates of 0, 4, 8, and 12 g N m(-2). No chemical fertilizer was used in the 2nd year of crop to estimate the nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE), N uptake, and rice ...

Abstract. Subsoil carbon (C) stocks are a prime target for efforts to increase soil C storage climate change mitigation. However, subsoil dynamics not well understood, especially in soils under long-term intensive agricultural management. We compared and organic matter (SOM) composition tomato–corn rotations after 25 years of differing nutrient management the California Central Valley: CONV (mi...

For a graph G whose number of edges is divisible by k, let R(G,Zk) denote the minimum integer r such that for every function f : E(Kr) 7→ Zk there is a copy G′ of G in Kr so that ∑ e∈E(G′) f(e) = 0 (in Zk). We prove that for every integer k, R(Kn, Zk) ≤ n + O(k log k) provided n is sufficiently large as a function of k and k divides ( n 2 ) . If, in addition, k is an odd prime-power then R(Kn, ...

The non-specificity of "syphilis antigen" has been the subject of much speculation from the time it was first demonstrated that substances which exerted an antigenic effect in complement-fixation tests for syphilis could be extracted from nbormal mammalian tissues (Weygandt, 1907; Landsteiner and others, 1907). Further proof of the nonspecificity of these " antigenic " substances has been evide...

in order to study radiation use efficiency and radiation interception in intercropping of herb sweet basil and common bean, an experiment was conducted at the agricultural research station, ferdowsi university of mashhad, iran for the growing season of 2008. treatments were 1) sole crop of bean , 2) sole crop of sweet basil, 3) strip intercropping of bean and sweet basil (four rows bean and two...