While the significance of middle repetitive elements had been neglected for a long time, there are again tendencies to ascribe most members of a given middle repetitive sequence family a functional role--as if the discussion of SINE (short interspersed repetitive elements) function only can occupy extreme positions. In this article, I argue that differences between the various classes of retros...

The crystal structure of the bovine Rieske iron-sulfur protein indicates a sulfur atom (S-1) of the iron-sulfur cluster and the sulfur atom (Sgamma) of a cysteine residue that coordinates one of the iron atoms form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of Ser-163 and Tyr-165, respectively. We have altered the equivalent Ser-183 and Tyr-185 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rieske iron-sulfur pr...

Corynebacterium glutamicum possesses two terminal oxidases, cytochrome aa3 and cytochrome bd. Cytochrome aa3 forms a supercomplex with the cytochrome bc1 complex, which contains an unusual diheme cytochrome c1. Both the bc1 -aa3 supercomplex and cytochrome bd transfer reducing equivalents from menaquinol to oxygen; however, they differ in their proton translocation efficiency by a factor of thr...

Specific isotopic labeling at the residue or substituent level extends the scope of different spectroscopic approaches to the atomistic level. Here we describe (13)C isotopic labeling of the methyl and methoxy ring substituents of ubiquinone, achieved through construction of a methionine auxotroph in Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain BC17 supplemented with l-methionine with the side chain methyl g...

We report the identification of a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) large tegument protein pUL48 that is required for nuclear localization in transfected cells and is essential for viral growth. The NLS was mapped to pUL48 amino acid residues 284 to 302. This sequence contains a bipartite NLS comprising two clusters of basic residues (bC1 and bC2) ...

We used the amphipathic styrene maleic acid (SMA) co-polymer to extract cytochrome c oxidase (CytcO) in its native lipid environment from S. cerevisiae mitochondria. Native nanodiscs containing one CytcO per disc were purified using affinity chromatography. The longest cross-sections of the native nanodiscs were 11nm×14nm. Based on this size we estimated that each CytcO was surrounded by ~100 p...

In this paper, we introduce a trajectory planning algorithm (TPA) in aerial/unmanned aerial vehicle- (UAV-) aided communications using practical budget-constrained multiarmed bandit (BC-MAB) disaster regions. Hence, propose two cost-efficient TPAs based on variants of the upper confidence bound (UCB) algorithms, namely, UCB-BC1 and UCB-BC2, via orthogonal multiple access (OMA) transmission. The...

The genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique was applied to Passiflora interspecific F1 HD13-133 hybrids (Passiflora sublanceolata x Passiflora foetida) and HD15-101 (Passiflora gardineri x Passiflora gibertii), and the backcrossed hybrids (BC1) HD18-106 and HD18-113 (Passiflora sublanceolata x HD13-133). GISH was performed using genomic probes prepared with the DNA from the paternal geni...

The midpoint potential of the [2Fe-2S] cluster of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (Em7 = +280 mV) is the primary determinant of the rate of electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c catalyzed by the cytochrome bc1 complex. As the midpoint potential of the Rieske cluster is lowered by altering the electronic environment surrounding the cluster, the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase activity...