Two response surface methodologies involving central composite designs have been successfully applied to evaluate the effect of cheese whey, corn steep liquor, ammonium sulphate, temperature and pH control on lactic acid fermentation by Lactobacillus sp. LMI8 isolated from cassava flour wastewater. In the first central composite design, corn steep liquor and ammonium sulphate were investigated ...

A hardwood-based biorefinery process starting with hot-water extraction (HWE) is recommended in order to remove most of the hemicelluloses/xylans before further processing. HWE may be followed by delignification in acetone/water in the presence of oxygen (AWO) for the production of cellulose and lignin. In this study, the HWE-AWO sequence was evaluated for its effectiveness at removing lignin f...

Sodium aluminosilicate scaling in evaporators during alkali recovery is often associated with the concentration of aluminum and silicon in black liquor. The scaling problems are widespread during the utilization of nonwood raw materials. This study established a fast, reliable, and precise method to determine the aluminum concentration in bamboo black liquor by inductively coupled plasma-atomic...

Lodgepole wood chips were pretreated by sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL) at 25% solids loading and 180 °C for 20 min with sulfuric acid and sodium bisulfite charges of 2.2 and 8 wt/wt% on an oven-dry wood basis, respectively. The pretreated wood chips were disk-milled with pretreatment spent liquor and water, and the solid fraction was separated from the...

The effect of nutrients of natural source, such as corn steep liquor, peptone, and yeast extract, on the fermentative production of L-glutamic acid from hydrocarbons by a Corynebacterium was studied. Corn steep liquor and meat extract were found to be remarkably stimulatory to L-glutamic acid production; about 5 g per liter of L-glutamic acid were accumulated in a culture broth containing 3% n-...

Effects of wastewater and mixed liquor characteristics on membrane fouling in both a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor and a thermophilic submerged aerobic membrane bioreactor were studied with four types of industrial wastewaters. Significant differences in particle size distribution, colloidal content, the protein to polysaccharide ratio, and soluble compounds molecular weight distribut...

Digital cameras are now commonly included in several digital devices such as mobile phones. They are present everywhere and have become the principal image capturing tool. Inherent to light and semiconductors properties, sensor noise [10] continues to be an important factor of image quality [12], especially in low light conditions. Removing the noise with mathematical solutions appears thus una...

Orthodox black tea quality depends upon the amount of certain organic compounds present and out of these, theaflavins (TF) and thearubigins (TR) are the most important ones While TF is responsible for attractive golden colour, increased brightness and astringency in tea liquor, TR is reddish brown, reduces the brightness of tea liquor and contribute mostly for the ashy taste of the liquor with ...