NOTE – NMFS is in the process of writing individual stock assessment reports for each of the 32 bay, sound and estuary stocks of bottlenose dolphins that are included in this report. Until this effort is completed and this report is replaced by 32 individual reports, basic information for all individual bay, sound and estuary stocks will remain in this report: “Northern Gulf of Mexico Bay, Soun...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In endothelial dysfunction, signalling by nitric oxide (NO) is impaired because of the oxidation and subsequent loss of the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) haem. The sGC activator 4-[((4-carboxybutyl){2-[(4-phenethylbenzyl)oxy]phenethyl}amino)methyl[benzoic]acid (BAY 58-2667) is a haem-mimetic able to bind with high affinity to sGC when the native haem (the NO binding site...

Bay k 8644 is a structural analog of nifedipine with positive inotropic activity. The mechanism of drug action was evaluated by measuring the effects of Bay k 8644 on twitch tension, action potential configuration, and calcium channel currents in myocardial cells. Bay k 8644 increases twitch tension in guinea pig atria without changing the time course of tension development. The drug does not o...

(-)-(R)-3-(2-Hydroxymethylindanyl-4-oxy)phenyl-4,4,4-trifluoro-1-sulfonate (BAY 38-7271) is a new high-affinity cannabinoid receptor subtype 1 (CB1 receptor) ligand (K(i) = 0.46-1.85 nM; rat brain, human cortex, or recombinant human CB1 receptor), structurally unrelated to any cannabinoid receptor ligand known so far. BAY 38-7271 was characterized as a CB1 receptor agonist in 5-[gamma(35)S]-thi...

AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of BAY 11-7082, an NF-κB inhibitor, on basal and ET-1-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), TNF-α and p65 protein in rat kidney. MATERIAL/METHODS The experimental animals were divided into five groups (n=7) receiving: 1) saline (control); 2 and 3) ET-1 in a dose of 3 μg/kg body weight (b.w.) or 12.5 μg/kg b.w.; 4) BAY 11-7082 ...

Introduced plant pathogens have major ecological impacts in many parts of the world. While the spread of pathogens can be strongly mediated by the composition and structure of local host plant communities, little is known about effects of plant community structure on invasion dynamics of introduced pathogens. The progress of infection by the invasive pathogen Phytophthora ramorum in coastal Cal...

Objectives: BAY 73-7388 is the first antibiotic compound selected from the novel class, the aminomethylcyclines. BAY 73-7388 is under development for the treatment of severe bacterial infections including those caused by strains resistant to current classes of antibiotics.The efficacy of BAY 73-7388 was compared with that of vancomycin (VAN) and linezolid (LZD) in a mouse model of pneumococcal ...

We used the dual isotopic composition of nitrate (d15N and d18O) within the estuarine system of San Francisco (SF) Bay, California, to explore the utility of this approach for tracing sources and cycling of nitrate (NO 3 ). Surface water samples from 49 sites within the estuary were sampled during July–August 2004. Spatial variability in the isotopic composition suggests that there are multiple...

This document outlines a strategy for integrated mercury investigations linked to restoration and adaptive management of the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta ecosystem (termed the Bay-Delta ecosystem and defined as the combined watershed, Delta, and Bay). Ecosystem restoration and management of the Bay-Delta ecosystem are complicated by mercury contamination from historic mini...