Phonon lineshapes in atom-surface scattering are obtained from a simple stochastic model based on the so-called Caldeira-Leggett Hamiltonian. In this single-bath model, the excited phonon resulting from a creation or annihilation event is coupled to a thermal bath consisting of an infinite number of harmonic oscillators, namely the bath phonons. The diagonalization of the corresponding Hamilton...

At the beginning of this century, Bath was a well-known spa and a residential town for those who had retired from service overseas. It was also known as a place that relied overmuch on past history, being associated with Roman remains, Bath chairs, and Bath buns. Cynics looked upon it as a sleepy old place, resting on its laurels. Actually this was far from being the case. Mineral water treatme...

An apparent violation of the second law of thermodynamics occurs when an atom coupled to a zero-temperature bath, being necessarily in an excited state, is used to extract work from the bath. Here the fallacy is that it takes work to couple the atom to the bath and this work must exceed that obtained from the atom. For the example of an oscillator coupled to a bath described by the single relax...

This paper discusses the effects of sodium hypophosphite concentration, pH and temperature on deposition rate. This paper also discusses the evaluation of coating strength, surface and subsurface by varying the bath parameters, percentage of phosphate, plating temperature and pH of the plating solution. Taguchi technique has been used for the analysis. In the experiment, Nickel chloride which i...

We consider a free charged particle interacting with an electromagnetic bath at zero temperature. The dipole approximation is used to treat the bath wavelengths larger than the width of the particle wave packet. The effect of these wavelengths is described then by a linear Hamiltonian whose form is analogous to phenomenological Hamiltonians previously adopted to describe the free particle-bath ...

Richard Voith* In a Business Review article nine years ago, we examined the role thataccess toCenterCityPhiladelphia (Philadelphia’s central business district, or CBD) played in people’s choices aboutwhere to live and how to commute.1 That analysis, which was based on 1980 census data, concluded that access toCenterCity both by car and by public transportation helped shape people’s choices in t...

The railway as a means of transport is a very old idea. At its beginnings, it was mainly utilised in the central European mines with different means of traction being applied. But it did not come into general use until the invention of the steam engine. Since the 18th century it has developed faster and faster until in the 21st century it has become the most efficient means of transport for med...

Generative, model-based design of physical devices with multiple operating regions poses challenging problems . We present an approach for establishing region transitions of multi-operating region devices based on an analysis of the more basic shifts of the qualitative regions of quantities and their synchronization . The method takes as input design fragments, constructed by model-based design...

Wandering spleen is an unusual surgical condition that is generally asymptomatic, but the long and mobile vascular pedicle of the spleen predisposes it to torsion. Various imaging modalities can be used to diagnose a wandering spleen. We present the case of a 23 year-old female patient with abdominal pain, in whom torsion of the spleen was diagnosed preoperatively, using color Doppler sonograph...