Pyridoxal-PO* binds to pepsinogen in a reaction in which the stoichiometry is highly dependent on the conformation of the protein. When pepsinogen is in its native conformation, pyridoxal-PO4 forms Schiff bases with the (r-NH2 group of Leul and the e-NH2 group of LysZS8. When the protein is mildly denatured and assumes a more extended conformation, pyridoxal-PO4 can react with the t-NH2 groups ...

The Wisdom of Crowds, an innovative theory described in social science, claims that the aggregate decisions made by a group will often be better than those of its individual members if the four fundamental criteria of this theory are satisfied. This theory used for in clustering problems. Previous researches showed that this theory can significantly increase the stability and performance of...

Domain walls in strongly coupled gauge theories are discussed. A general mechanism is suggested automatically leading to massless gauge bosons localized on the wall. In one of the models considered, outside the wall the theory is in the nonAbelian confining phase, while inside the wall it is in the Abelian Coulomb phase. Confining property of the non-Abelian theories is a key ingredient of the ...

The concept of ‘beyond reasonable’ doubt is a standard of the legal system; however, it is a standard that is not well defined. Differences in the way beyond reasonable doubt is applied in different courts suggest the need for shared understanding of the concept. This paper explores the technique of mathematical modeling to illuminate this concept/abstraction in order to have a shared understan...

Protein design has many applications not only in biotechnology but also in basic science. It uses our current knowledge in structural biology to predict, by computer simulations, an amino acid sequence that would produce a protein with targeted properties. As in other examples of synthetic biology, this approach allows the testing of many hypotheses in biology. The recent development of automat...

Twelve avian-origin H3N2 influenza strains were isolated from dogs with signs of respiratory disease in northern China during 2009-2010. Phylogenetic analysis showed that eight gene segments of all the isolates had a close relationship with those of avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza viruses (CIVs) from South Korea and southern China. Genetic analysis indicated that these isolates had a PERQTR/...

There has been an explosion of interest in mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy. This is demonstrated in increased research, implementation of MBPs in healthcare, educational, criminal justice and workplace settings, and in mainstream interest. For the sustainable development of the field there is a need to a...