BACKGROUND Algorithms to diagnose gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, sleeping sickness) are often complex due to the unsatisfactory sensitivity and/or specificity of available tests, and typically include a screening (serological), confirmation (parasitological) and staging component. There is insufficient evidence on the relative accuracy of these algorithms. This paper presents est...

Wellfield management is a multiobjective optimization problem. One important objective has been energy efficiency in terms of minimizing the energy footprint (EFP) of delivered water (MWh/m(3) ). However, power systems in most countries are moving in the direction of deregulated markets and price variability is increasing in many markets because of increased penetration of intermittent renewabl...

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are key pollutants for the improvement of ambient air quality. Within this study we estimated the historical NOx emissions in China for the period 1995–2010, and calculated future NOx emissions every five years until 2030 under six emission scenarios. Driven by the fast growth of energy consumption, we estimate the NOx emissions in China increased rapidly from 11.0 Mt in 1...

This study employs the grey models to explore Nigeria’s road transport energy consumption, vehicle population and vehicular emissions. The emissions were evaluated using European Environment Agency Tier 1 Approach, based on fuel consumption. A baseline scenario, historical data three other alternative scenarios developed. considered quality, technology survival rates as key drivers of scenario ...

Designing consumer products has grown more challenging due to the increasingly complex characteristics of these products. Design research has promoted the use of scenarios –concrete stories about product useto support the design process. However, design practice still lacks a thorough guidance that integrates various scenario uses effectively. In this paper, we describe a software concept that ...

Salmonellosis in people is a costly disease, much of it occurring because of food associated exposure. We develop a farm-to-fork model which estimates the pork associated Salmonella risk and human health costs. This analysis focuses on the components of the pork production chain up to the point of producing a chilled pork carcass. Sensitivity and scenario analysis show that changes that occur i...

This work presents a methodological approach for modelling the evolution of the hybrid demand order flow pattern over long time horizons. The hybrid demand is the result of the mutual interaction between the e-commerce and the traditional demand. Thus, its modelling requires a complex analysis at various aggregation levels. More specifically, it is necessary to establish the quantitative modell...

The series are ‘ideas in progress,’ after the notion described by I.J. Good in ‘The Scientist Speculates.’ Good also describes ideas about ideas as ‘partly baked ideas’ believing that “ ... it is often better to be stimulating and wrong than boring and right.” While these papers do not take this tenet as an excuse for licence at the expense of rigour, they are exploratory and the ideas may chan...

A unilateral contact problem without friction in quasi-coupled thermo-elasticity and with uncertain input data is analysed. The worst scenario method is used to nd the most "dangerous" admissible input data.

UNLABELLED High-grade gliomas are brain tumors associated with a devastating prognosis. Recent studies have indicated that the combined use of amino acid PET and MRI is superior to MRI alone to plan the surgical resection of high-grade gliomas. The aim of the study was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of the use of amino acid PET for the surgical resection of high-grade gliomas, compared with ...