In this paper, different input-oriented ratio-based DEA (DEA-R-I) models are proposed. By presenting the envelopment-additive-enhanced Russell model based on the DEA-R-I form, each decision making unit is evaluated and its efficiency score is calculated. Also, by presenting the central resource allocation model based on the DEA-R-I form, a suitable benchmark for all DMUs is proposed by solvin...

in recent years, formal methods have been used as an important tool for performance evaluation and verification of a wide range of systems. in the view points of engineers and practitioners, however, there are still some major difficulties in using formal methods. in this paper, we introduce a new formal modeling language to fill the gaps between object-oriented programming languages (oopls) us...

In this paper, we investigate the document categorization task with statistical language models. Our study mainly focuses on categorization of documents in agglutinative languages. Due to the productive morphology of agglutinative languages, the number of word forms encountered in naturally occurring text is very large. From the language modeling perspective, a large vocabulary results in serio...

In the context of information retrieval, traditional collection selection algorithms have been widely studied. These algorithms utilize language models, a representation of the contents of each text collection over which selection is to be performed, but these language models cannot always be easily acquired. Query-based sampling is a technique by which these language models are discovered by i...

Large pre-trained language models are successfully being used in a variety of tasks, across many languages. With this ever-increasing usage, the risk harmful side effects also rises, for example by reproducing and reinforcing stereotypes. However, detecting mitigating these harms is difficult to do general becomes computationally expensive when tackling multiple languages or considering differe...

Abstract We investigate how neural language models acquire individual words during training, extracting learning curves and ages of acquisition for over 600 on the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (Fenson et al., 2007). Drawing studies word in children, we evaluate multiple predictors words’ LSTMs, BERT, GPT-2. find that effects concreteness, length, lexical class are pointed...

This message offers ideas about how to reduce the energy consumption associated with large language models.

background: although it is usually recommended that children begin care after their second or third year, some employed parents have to enroll their children in childcare from under the age of 6 months in iran. regardless of when children enter care parents and experts are concern about how childcare affects children’s language, social and intellectual development. the aim of this study was to ...