Many future military operations are expected to occur in urban environments. These complex, 3D battlefields are extremely demanding and introduce many challenges to the dismounted warfighter. These include limited visibility, lack of familiarity with the environment, sniper threats, concealment of enemy forces, ineffective communications, and a general problem of locating and identifying enemy ...

Using Martín Escardó’s « effectful forcing » technique, we demonstrate the constructive validity of Brouwer’s monotone Bar Theorem for any System T-definable bar. We have not assumed any non-constructive (Classical or Brouwerian) principles in this proof, and have carried out the entire development formally in the Agda proof assistant [13] for Martin-Löf ’s Constructive TypeTheory. In 2013, Mar...

Instruction often employs visual representations to support deep understanding. However, students‟ prior misconceptions may override the meaning in these scaffolds. We investigate fraction bars, a common representation intended to promote sense-making. Our prior work found that students often did not use the fraction bars effectively. This difficulty factors assessment compares four scaffold ty...

I review both well established and more recent findings on the properties of bars, and their host galaxies, stemming from photometric and spectroscopic observations, and discuss how these findings can be understood in terms of a global picture of the formation and evolution of bars, keeping a connection with theoretical developments. In particular, I show the results of a detailed structural an...

Wider use in psychology of confidence intervals (CIs), especially as error bars in figures, is a desirable development. However, psychologists seldom use CIs and may not understand them well. The authors discuss the interpretation of figures with error bars and analyze the relationship between CIs and statistical significance testing. They propose 7 rules of eye to guide the inferential use of ...

Little is known about researchers' understanding of confidence intervals (CIs) and standard error (SE) bars. Authors of journal articles in psychology, behavioral neuroscience, and medicine were invited to visit a Web site where they adjusted a figure until they judged 2 means, with error bars, to be just statistically significantly different (p < .05). Results from 473 respondents suggest that...

This Article contains errors in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. In Figure 1, n = 7 was omitted from panel C. In Figure 2, labels are missing from the bars of panel B. In Figure 3, ‘Control’ was incorrectly given as ‘Sham’, labels are missing from the bars in Figure 3B and C, and n = 7 and n = 9 were omitted from Figure 3E. In Figure 4, labels are missing from the bars. In Figure 5B, labels a...

This paper describes a framework for studying galaxy morphology, particularly bar strength, in a quantitative manner, and presents applications of this approach that reveal observational evidence for secular evolution in bar morphology. The distribution of bar strength in galaxies is quite strongly bimodal, suggesting that barred and unbarred systems are distinct entities, and that any evolutio...

A natural infestation of Meloidogyne javanica in an aggregated Oxisol declined at an exponential rate when aliquots of the soil were stored for 72 days in polyethylene bags at various soil water potentials (Psi). Time periods required for reduction in soil infestations by 50% were 2.7, 4.9, 110, 10, and 2.6 days at Psi of -0.16, -0.30, -1.1, -15, and -92 bars, respectively. In the wetter soils,...

The aim of this paper is to present results of testing a full scale reinforced concrete T connection by static loading. The connection is a T connection representing a beam-column connection. The beam and column had a square cross section with a 300 mm dimension. The height of the column was 2.9 m and the clear beam length was 1.4 m. The connection was initially tested to failure. Galvanised st...