South Asian river dolphins (Platanista gangetica) are among the most endangered of world's cetaceans. The two subspecies in family Platanistidae, Indus, and Ganges (P. g. minor P. gangetica), both threatened by dams barrages, declining flows, fisheries bycatch, pollution. We examine differences external skull morphology between each system to clarify their taxonomic status. Skulls from could ea...

Abstract Naturally, the downstream of rain river experiences periodic floods and droughts. This process is beneficial for distribution dissolved nutrients minerals. Moving dams or barrages are generally built to minimize disasters. Even though they can control droughts, existence adds new problems ecosystem. The barrage limits natural flooding process, resulting in an imbalance harms ecosystems...

This study tested the hypothesis that inhibitory actions are exerted by reticularis thalami (RE) neurons upon thalamocortical neurons. The RE neurons were recorded in the rostral pole and lateral districts of the nucleus, and were activated monosynaptically by cortical volleys. Thalamocortical neurons were identified antidromically in intralaminar and ventrolateral nuclei. During sleep with EEG...

It is still poorly understood how epileptiform events can recruit cortical circuits. Moreover, the speed of propagation of epileptiform discharges in vivo and in vitro can vary over several orders of magnitude (0.1-100 mm/s), a range difficult to explain by a single mechanism. We previously showed how epileptiform spread in neocortical slices is opposed by a powerful feedforward inhibition ahea...

Cardiac vagal tone is an important indicator of cardiovascular health, and its loss is an independent risk factor for arrhythmias and mortality. Several studies suggest that this loss of vagal tone can occur at the cardiac ganglion but the factors affecting ganglionic transmission in vivo are poorly understood. We have employed a novel approach allowing intracellular recordings from functionall...

Synaptic noise due to intense network activity can have a significant impact on the electrophysiological properties of individual neurons. This is the case for the cerebral cortex, where ongoing activity leads to strong barrages of synaptic inputs, which act as the main source of synaptic noise affecting on neuronal dynamics. Here, we characterize the subthreshold behavior of neuronal models in...