OBJECTIVES Nicotine is a natural alkaloid and insecticide in tobacco leaves. Green tobacco sickness (GTS) is known as a disease of acute nicotine intoxication among tobacco farmers. Until now, GTS has been recognized globally as a disease that results from nicotine absorption through the skin. However, we assumed that GTS might also result from nicotine inhalation as well as absorption. We aime...

To evaluate the transmission of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by aerosol as either a single or mixed infection, 28 pigs were inoculated intratracheally with M hyopneumoniae on day 0 and infected intranasally with PRRSV on day 35; they were housed together in a barn. To assess the aerosol transmission of M hyopneumoniae as a single infec...

Autonomous robotic systems need to adjust their sensorimotor coordinations so as to maintain good performance in the presence of changes in their sensory and motor characteristics. Biological systems are able to adapt to large variations in their physical and functional properties. In the last decade, the adjustment of orienting behavior has been carefully investigated in the barn owl, a noctur...

The outermost tail feathers in male barn swallows {Hirundo rustica) are the target of a strong directional female mate preference. The" tait ornament is also expressed in females, since females have considerably longer tails than juveniles, either due to (1) a strong genetic correlation between the characters in the two sexes, or (2) direct sexual selection on females. To discriminate between t...

Of the three species of Hirundine that breed sympatrically across the U.K., one, the 23 barn swallow, has outer tail feathers elongated into streamers, whereas the other two species, the 24

The control of the curing temperature during stem-drying stage is important for quality upper leaves flue-cured tobacco. Based on conventional process yellowing and leaf0drying in tobacco process, this study, dry-bulb was increased to 72 75 °C bulk barn compare with highest 68 commonly adopted barn. result showed that, compared setting, energy consumption cost reduced by 0.10 or 0.08 USD/kg whe...

Recent studies of several species have reported a latitudinal cline in the circadian clock gene, Clock, which influences rhythms in both physiology and behavior. Latitudinal variation in this gene may hence reflect local adaptation to seasonal variation. In some bird populations, there is also an among-individual association between Clock poly-Q genotype and clutch initiation date and incubatio...

The zeroth-order regular approximation ~ZORA! is used for the evaluation of the electric field gradient, and hence nuclear quadrupole coupling constants, in some closed shell molecules. It is shown that for valence orbitals the ZORA-4 electron density, which includes a small component density ~‘‘picture-change correction’’!, very accurately agrees with the Dirac electron density. For hydrogen-l...