The root bark of Tabernanthe iboga contains ibogaine as its predominant alkaloid and has been an important source of it. Ibogaine is used experimentally to interrupt drug addiction and allow therapeutic intervention, but is currently unaffordable to doctors in less economically developed countries. To meet this need, an extraction of alkaloids from T. iboga root bark was optimized and simplifie...

Objective: In the present study anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of leaf and bark of Hugonia mystax were inveatigated. Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extracts leaf and bark of H. mystax were evaluated by carrageenan induced rat paw edema to determine its effect on chronic phase of inflammation models in rats. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of ethano...

Crude extracts of leaves and bark of E. jambolana were tested for antiviral activity against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) by CPE reduction assay in three different layouts to elucidate virucidal, post-exposure and preexposure antiviral activity of the extracts. The cold and hot aqueous extracts of bark and hot aqueous extract of leaves of E. jambolana showed significant viruci...

A comparative study among different pretreatment methods used for the fractionation of the birch outer bark components, including steam explosion, hydrothermal and organosolv treatments based on the use of ethanol/water media, is reported. The residual solid fractions have been characterized by ATR-FTIR, (13)C-solid-state NMR and morphological alterations after pretreatment were detected by sca...

The repellent activity of methanol extracts from 23 aromatic medicinal plant species and a steam distillate against female blood-starved Aedes aegypti was examined in the laboratory by skin test and compared with that of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet). Responses varied according to plant species. At a dose of 0.1 mg/cm2, the repellency of extracts of Cinnamomum cassia bark (91%), Nardostachys c...

Tree models can be categorized into two classes: global models that represent the developmental form of the entire tree, and local models that represent the geometric details found on the tree surface and leaves. This paper presents new implicit local tree modeling techniques. An existing generalized cylinder blending model is extended to blend eccentric cones, to simulate the reaction wood tre...

Lodgepole and ponderosa pine trees were treated with a 2% carbaryl solution at recreational areas near Fort Collins, CO, in June 2010 as a prophylactic bole spray against the mountain pine beetle. Bark samples from treated and untreated trees were collected one day following application and at 4-month intervals for one year. The residual amount of carbaryl was determined, and bark samples were ...

In each of seven fully controlled experiments, potted California, U.S. coast live oak trees were artificially inoculated with Phytophthora ramorum, the agent of a tree disease commonly referred to as sudden oak death. Phosphites were applied to trees using a range of application approaches either as preventive or therapeutic treatments. Soil drenches and bark application of phosphites were inef...

For a local field K with positive residue characteristic p, we introduce, in the first part of this paper, a refinement bArK of the classical Artin distribution ArK . It takes values in cyclotomic extensions of Q which are unramified at p, and it bisects ArK in the sense that ArK is equal to the sum of bArK and its conjugate distribution. Compared with 12ArK , the bisection bArK provides a high...

Background and objectives: The bark of Alstonia boonei, known as stool wood, is sold in large quantities on the Ghanaian market. It is used for the treatment of numerous ailments including snake bites, worm infestation, malaria and rheumatic pains. For safety reasons, it is necessary to control the raw materials by setting simple but relevant parameters to ensure ident...