A novel sol–gel process suitable for depositing thin-film lead barium titanate has been developed. X-ray diffraction analysis showed perovskite phase crystallization to occur at a temperature as low as 400°C with single-phase Pb0.5Ba0.5TiO3 (PBT) resulting at a temperature as low as 500°C. Small concentrations of barium carbonate were evident by X-ray diffraction at 400°C, and indications of mi...