A novel sol–gel process suitable for depositing thin-film lead barium titanate has been developed. X-ray diffraction analysis showed perovskite phase crystallization to occur at a temperature as low as 400°C with single-phase Pb0.5Ba0.5TiO3 (PBT) resulting at a temperature as low as 500°C. Small concentrations of barium carbonate were evident by X-ray diffraction at 400°C, and indications of mi...

Abstract Barium titanate is still the prototype of a piezoelectric crystalline material that has attracted many researchers and industrial partners to use. A modified citrate method was used create barium nanoparticles BaTi 1? x Zr O 3 . The samples were crystallized in single-phase tetragonal structure, as revealed using X-ray powder diffraction. crystallite size decreases with increasing conc...