The aim of this study was to evaluate the necessity of urgent barium enema in suspected cases of acute malignant colonic obstruction. We reviewed the medical records and images for 20 patients with suspected acute colonic obstruction. Nine patients were excluded. Computed tomography (CT) and urgent barium enema images for the remaining 11 cases were reviewed and the results were compared with t...

The use of the ellipsometer for the measurement of the thickness and refractive index of very thin films is reviewed. The Poincaré sphere representation of the state of polarization of light is developed and used to describe the reflection process. Details of the operation of the ellipsometer are examined critically. A computational method is presented by which the thickness of a film of known ...

An in vivo study of skeletal muscle paralysis induced by intravenous barium chloride has been made in curarized and non-curarized rats. The influence of potassium and calcium chlorides, propranolol, ouabain, and prior adrenalectomy on the paralysis has also been studied. Paralysis is found to be due to a direct effect on skeletal muscle, and to correlate well with the development of hypokalaemi...

Analysis of previously reported observations of the solar wind-barium interaction associated with the AMPTE artificial comet release of December 27, 1984, is presented. On the basis of these results we argue that the solar wind couples momentum (and energy) to the barium ions through both laminar and turbulent processes. The laminar forces acting on the particles are the laminar electric and ma...

The barium enema is a safe and accurate diagnostic study of the colon but, in rare cases, causes complications, such as colonic perforation. A colon weakened by iatrogenic trauma due to the enema tip and/or retention balloon, or by disease is more likely to perforate during an enema than is a normal healthy bowel. Rarely the colon may burst due to excessive transmural pressure alone. We report ...

We have compared barium swallow with a radionuclide gastro-oesophageal scintigraphy (milk scan) method of detecting gastro-oesophageal reflux in 26 infants. In 17 cases, presenting as near miss sudden infant death syndrome, reflux was detected in 2 by barium swallow and in 8 by scintigraphy. In the remaining 9 infants with suspected pulmonary aspiration, reflux was demonstrated by barium swallo...

Ferromagnetic nanomaterials are of particular interest, because at nanoscale a crystallite can exhibit a single magnetic domain. These nanomaterials therefore exhibit different magnetic properties as compared to bulk. Recently, barium ferrite has gained importance due to its potential use in magnetic recording and in microwave devices. Barium ferrite nanoparticles are prepared by the citrate pr...