Values of Dirichlet L-functions at s = 1 have always attracted great attention due to their central role in number theory. In particular the prime number theorem for arithmetic progressions relies on the non-vanishing of L(1, χ) for any non-principal character χ (mod q). Moreover improving the existing lower bounds for |L(1, χ)| (the famous Siegel’s bound |L(1, χ)| ≫ǫ q) would imply many import...

For decades, biologists have discussed and experimented with bacterial viruses, called phage, as a means of treating bacterial infections (1, 2). Remarkably, our own evolution may have beaten us to it. In PNAS, Barr et al. present a compelling and unique hypothesis that animal cells use phage as weapons against bacterial pathogens (3). Animal cells ranging from cnidarian (coral) to human excret...

Treatment of bovine alveolar macrophages (BAM) with bovine leukocyte interferon (BoIFN-alpha 1) resulted in reduced bovine herpesvirus type 1 replication and spread. This was demonstrated by reduced virus yields and number of cells infected. BoIFN-alpha 1 treatment of BAM also induced enhanced Fc receptor expression and/or avidity by the cells, increased their activity in antibody-dependent cel...

We report the occurrence of quenching and annealing in a version of the Minority Game (MG) in which the winning option is to join a given fraction of the population that is a free, external parameter. We compare this to the different dynamics of the Bar Attendance Model (BAM)where the updating of the attendance strategy makes use of all the available information about the system and quenching d...

b-Barrel proteins found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria serve a variety of cellular functions. Proper folding and assembly of these proteins are essential for the viability of bacteria and can also play an important role in virulence. The b-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex, which is responsible for the proper assembly of b-barrels into the outer membrane of Gram-negative ...

Insertion of folded proteins into the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is mediated by the essential β-barrel assembly machine (Bam). Here, we report the native structure and mechanism of a core component of this complex, BamE, and show that it is exclusively monomeric in its native environment of the periplasm, but is able to adopt a distinct dimeric conformation in the cytoplasm. BamE ...

We describe the properties of a connectionist network that is able to make decisions in strategic games. We use the structure of Bidirectional Associative Memory (BAM), a minimal two-layer recurrent neural network with binary activation functions and binary connection weights. We apply BAM to finite-strategy two-player games, and show that network activation in the long run is restricted to the...

In the Drosophila female germline, spatially and temporally specific translation of mRNAs governs both stem cell maintenance and the differentiation of their progeny. However, the mechanisms that control and coordinate different modes of translational repression within this lineage remain incompletely understood. Here we present data showing that Mei-P26 associates with Bam, Bgcn and Sxl and na...

Emerging evidence indicates that agitation is an ominous precursor to imminent death by suicide, yet measures of it are few, and to our knowledge, no self-report measure of agitation exists. To fill this gap, we have developed the Brief Agitation Measure (BAM), which is designed as a brief measure to assess agitation. In this article, we provide preliminary evidence from 2 studies examining the...

Function approximation is to find the underlying relationship from à given finite input-output data. It has numerous applications such as prediction, pattern recognition, data mining and classification etc. Multilayered feed-forward neural networks (MLFNNs) with the use of back propagation algorithm have been extensively used for the purpose of function approximation recently. Another class of ...