After the fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476, scientific progress in Europe had come to a standstill. This era between fall of Rome and the Renaissance is commonly known as the dark ages. However, from the 8th till 13th century, scientific and cultural knowledge had flourished in the Islamic world. This period, which began soon after the establishment of the Abbasid Khalifate in Baghdad in the ...

Introduction: One of the essential requirements for effi cient oral and maxillofacial surgeon is comprehensive knowledge in anatomy of head and neck regions. Authors believe that asking students to draw anatomical sketches will assist them to improve their imaginary memory for human anatomy. However, drawing, as learning aid in anatomy, has not been given enough attention as a learning aid for ...

Robat, along with educational institutions, helped to spread scientific and religious life in Baghdad. Ribat Sheikh Al-shuyukh was one of the Robat which served scholars Sufis students science since its establishment 450H./1058AD. Until Mongols entered Baghdad year 656H./1258AD. Al- shuyukh received official sponsorship from Caliphate Foundation, Seljuk state represented by minister Nizam al-Mu...

if we take ibn malik as the connecting chain of the interconnected history of syntax, we will find him among the last analytic scholars and theorist grammarians, since in his era, the principles of syntax has been established and grammarians didn’t provide new ideas. but discussion of ibn malik’s innovative syntactic approaches is important because of two reasons. due to his authoritative posit...

Pada penciptaan awal ilmu tata bahasa Arab (nahwu) oleh Abul Aswad Ad-Dualy, istilah aliran atau mazhab belum begitu populer. Setelah munculnya gerakan studi di Kufah, maka baru mulai disebut. Adapun mazhab-mazhab yang muncul sepanjang fase perkembangannya ini yaitu; Bashrah, Bagdad, Andalusia, Mesir. Muhammad Tanthowy membagi sejarah perkembangan dalam empat fase; 1) dan pembentukan (Basrah), ...