the historical background of the dastgāh concept, and the process through which it replaced the maqām system, still remains a major question in the history of persian music. it is usually vaguely assumed that both concepts of the dastgāh and the radīf were introduced to persian music during the qajar era. the present paper is a first attempt to shed light on the issue through a historical music...

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background: human is exposed to radiation in their environment with or without their consent and the exposure to natural background radiation is an unpreventable event on earth. materials and methods: an in situ assessment of the indoor and outdoor background radiation in akwanga and keffi towns of nasarawa state nigeria was carried out using a halogen-quenched geiger muller (gm) detector (insp...

ever since studies on uranium miners established the presence of a positive risk coefficient for the occurrence of lung cancer in miners exposed to elevated levels of 222rn and its progeny, there was a great upsurge of interest in the measurement of 222rn in the environment and considerable data is generated on the levels of 222rn in the environment across the worlds and is periodically reporte...

to make an accurate estimation of the uptake of radioactivity in an organ using the conjugate view method, corrections of physical factors, such as background activity, scatter, and attenuation are needed. the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of four different methods for background correction in activity quantification of the heart in myocardial perfusion scans. the organ activit...

Background images are identified by analyzing the changes in texture of the image sequences. According to the characteristics of highway traffic scenes, in this paper, the author presents a new algorithm for identifying background image based on the gradient projection statistics of the binary image. First, the images are blocked by road lane, and the background is identified by projection stat...

We estimate the contribution of AGNs and of their host galaxies to the infrared background. We use the luminosity function and evolution of AGNs recently determined by the hard X-ray surveys, and new Spectral Energy Distributions bridging the X-ray and the infrared emission, divided in intervals of absorption. These two ingredients allow us to determine the contribution of AGNs to the infrared ...

The observed cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation provides strong evidence for the hot big bang. The success of pri-mordial nucleosynthesis calculations (see Sec. 16, " Big-bang nucle-osynthesis ") requires a cosmic background radiation (CBR) characterized by a temperature kT ∼ 1 MeV at a redshift of z ≃ 10 9. In their pioneering work, Gamow, Alpher, and Herman [1] realized this and pred...

This work adopts background subtraction to develop automatic extraction of moving objects in video surveillance. Pixels at a specific position of continuous image frames are manipulated by the modified iterative threshold selection technique to determine the background gray-level value. Pixels at all positions employ such an iterative technique to establish the background that is then analyzed ...

Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) is a very typical method for background subtraction because it possesses a strong resistibility to repetitive background motion. However when it comes to complex environment, some unexpected situations occur, e.g., when illumination changes, gradually or quickly, segmentation is generated with a poor result. Moreover, this method is not capable of distinguishing sh...