Reserves of fossil fuel are being depleted, and its use to generate energy also affects the environment. Sustainable clean sources, therefore, need be produced meet demands. In this research, combined blended fuels were from cottonseed palm oil methyl esters with petroleum diesel fuel. To achieve benefits biodiesel (high calorific value) (low kinematic viscosity acid value), blend (C05P15, C10P...

Experimental test are carried out on a semi-heavy duty Motorsazan MT4.244 agricultural engine at various loads in order to evaluate performance and emissions of DI diesel engine using the blends of diesel fuel with 5%, 10%,15%,20% , 30%(by volume) Castor oil and pure diesel fuel separately. The result show that maximum decreasing of PM emission is 73.2% and is observed in B15 at 50%load and the...

Nowadays biodiesel is receiving more attention as a most important renewable energy for using in diesel engines. Inthis research, the application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was highlighted to investigate the effects of biodiesel-diesel blends (B0, B20, B50 and B100), engine operating parameters (engine load and  speed) on CO2 emission of a diesel engine. The experiments were conducte...

Fish Target Strength (TS) is a requirement for estimating abundance from surveys of pelagic fish using echosounders. This paper describes novel in-situ method to estimate TS as function body length (L), according the standard equation = 20 log (L) +b20, where b20 species-specific factor be estimated. We made measurements with broadband scientific echosounder, which becoming new tool choice in f...

Powders of ?-tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP, Ca3PO4) doped with manganese (Mn2+) are comprehensively analyzed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double (ENDOR) techniques. The modeling the spectra permitted to calculate values zero-field splitting (B20 = ?904 MHz; B40 ?1.41 MHz B43 195.2 MHz) explain origin low-field hyperfine structures as allowed spin transitions fine str...