The existing guidelines regarding the management of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis do not recommend screening of the extra-pulmonary sites. Due to the fact that the presence of central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis will influence treatment decisions regarding which antifungal to use and the aimed target concentrations of azoles in plasma, to be informed about dissemination of the infecti...

Racemic 1-(β-hydroxypropyl)azoles were prepared by solvent-free direct regioselective ring opening of 1,2-propylene oxide with imidazole or 1,2,4-triazole. Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of alcohols with vinyl acetate resulted in kinetic enantiomers resolution. Separated (S)-enantiomers of (+)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol and (+)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol were quaternized wi...

Aspergillus biofilms were prepared from Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus terreus via a 96-well plate-based method, and the combined antifungal activity of tacrolimus with azoles or amphotericin B against Aspergillus biofilms was investigated via a broth microdilution checkerboard technique system. Our results suggest that combinations of tacrolimus with voriconazole or...

The antifungal activity of eberconazole, a new imidazole derivative, against 124 clinical isolates of Candida comprising eight different species and to 34 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans was compared to those of clotrimazole and ketoconazole. MICs of eberconazole, determined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards standardized microbroth method, were equal to or lower th...

The influence of hypoxia on the in vitro activities of amphotericin B, azoles, and echinocandins against Aspergillus spp. was evaluated by comparing MICs, minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs), and epidemiological cutoffs (ECOFFs). Changes of MIC distributions due to hypoxia largely depend on the method, the species, and the growth ability under hypoxia. The activities of antifungals were no...

A case of superficial skin lesions due to T. asahii is reported, concerning an immune-deficient patient while receiving micafungin. Yet, T. asahii is assumed as intrinsically resistant to echinocandines. Thus, compared to echinocandines, azoles should be preferred in antifungal prophylaxis of immunosuppressed patients because they treat a wider variety of opportunistic fungi, including T. asahi...

The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of unprotected, nitrogen-rich heterocycles using precatalysts P1 or P2 is reported. The procedure allows for the reaction of variously substituted indazole, benzimidazole, pyrazole, indole, oxindole, and azaindole halides under mild conditions in good to excellent yields. Additionally, the mechanism behind the inhibitory effect of unprotected azoles on Pd-catal...

Recent studies suggest that antifungal resistance in yeast isolates of veterinary origin may be an underdiagnosed threat. We tested a collection of 92 ascomycetous yeast isolates that were obtained in Spain from birds, mammals and insects for antifungal susceptibility. MICs to amphotericin B and azoles were low, and no resistant isolates were detected. Despite these results, and given the poten...

Mixed fungal infection and acquired echinocandin resistance of Candida spp. remain infrequent. In this study we have reported the case of a patient hospitalized for tuberculosis who experienced multiple infections due to three common Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis). Furthermore, consecutive isolates from blood cultures and heart valve were found resistant to azoles (C....

This Special Issue is designed to highlight the latest research and development on new antifungal compounds with mechanisms of action different from the ones of polyenes, azoles, and echinocandins. The papers presented here highlight new pathways and targets that could be exploited for the future development of new antifungal agents to be used alone or in combination with existing antifungals. ...