Background: DNA molecule of the eukaryotic cells is found in the form of a nucleoprotein complex named chromatin. Two epigenetic modifications are critical for transcriptional control of genes, including acetylation and DNA methylation. Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is catalyzed by various DNA methyltransferase enzymes (DNMTs), including DNMT1, DNMT2, and DNMT3. The most well chara...

Michael addition of pyrimidine and purine nucleobases to substituted as well as unsubstituted α,β-unsaturated esters efficiently proceeds in the presence of catalytic amount of zinc oxide in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (ZnO/[bmim]Br) under microwave irradiation to afford carboacyclic nucleosides, as biologically important compounds, in good to excellent yields and in short ...

Efficient and one-pot synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes was described by Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition and cyclodehydration of dimedone. This reaction was carried out through condensation of dimedone and various aromatic aldehydes in the presence of task-specific Brønsted acidic ionic liquid under solvent free conditions. The catalyst could be recycled five times without si...

Thia-Michael reactions between aliphatic and aromatic thiols various Michael acceptors were performed under environmentally-friendly solvent-free conditions using Amberlyst® A21 as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst to efficiently obtain the corresponding adducts in high yields. Ethyl acrylate was main acceptor used, although others such acrylamide, linear, cyclic enones also utilized successf...

The title compound, C(25)H(24)N(2)O(3) was prepared by the reaction of (Z)-2-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl-ene)-1-aza-bicyclo-[2.2.2]octan-3-one with methyl p-(bromo-meth-yl)benzoate, under phase-transfer catalytic (PTC) conditions using triethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride and 50% w/v aqueous NaOH solution in dichloro-methane. The crystal structure indicates the presence of a double bond with Z geometry c...

The imine intermediate generated by the addition of primary amine to the cinnamaldehyde is trapped by the N-isocyaniminotriphenylphosphorane (Ph3PNNC) and a carboxylic acid, and leads to the formation of the corresponding iminophosphorane intermediate. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives are formed via intramolecular aza-Wittig reaction of the iminophosphorane intermediate. The reactions were comp...

OBJECTIVE Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is a cytosolic enzyme that preferentially catalyzes the S-methylation of aromatic and heterocyclic sulfhydryl compounds, including Azathioprine (AZA). It has been reported that the level of AZA toxicity is dependent on the TPMT genotypes in Caucasian individuals; we thus investigated this relationship in Japanese. METHODS The TPMT genotype was d...