A 26-year-old pregnant woman in her first trimester presented with progressive fatigue. Her Electrocardiogram showed second degree heart block (Mobitz type II) with intermittent complete heart block. We decided to proceed with dual-chamber permanent pacemaker implantation using CARTO mapping system to avoid fluoroscopy exposure. A mapping catheter was inserted through the right femoral vein. An...

The following unusual variations were observed while making a routine dissection of a newborn white child. The left subclavian artery arises from the right subclavian on the right side of the neck. It then curves upward and to the left and passes dorsally, in succession, the right internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, vagus, cervical sympathetic and inferior laryngeal nerves, and the sc...

Superior mediastinum contains many important vessels and tubes, variation of one may affect the other. Left brachiocephalic vein crosses arch of the aorta and its branches superficially. Arch of the aorta from its convex superior aspect usually provides brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian artery from the right to left. Left subclavian artery continues as axillary artery and...

Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a late outcome of deep vein thrombosis characterized by cramping pain, swelling, hyperpigmentation, eczema, lipodermatosclerosis, and ulceration in the leg due to increased venous outflow resistance and reflux venous flow. Newer surgical and endovascular interventions have a promising result in the management of postthrombotic syndrome. Early surgical or endovas...