Axillary lymph node staging is an important prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer. The long-term survival is poor if the number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes exceeds three. With 1-3 metastatic lymph nodes, survival in 30% of the patients is 20 years. The markedly different outcome of these patients with metastatic axillary lymph nodes suggests that other factors likely play a cr...

PURPOSE Dry axilla can sometimes be found among dehydrated older patients. In this study, we measured the axillary moisture and assessed it as possible marker for dehydration. METHODS Twenty-nine older patients admitted with acute medical conditions participated in this study. Dehydration was diagnosed by the calculated serum osmolality of greater than 295 mOsm/L. The moisture of axilla was m...

Apical dominance is one of the fundamental developmental phenomena in plant biology, which determines the overall architecture of aerial plant parts. Here we show apex decapitation activated competition for dominance in adjacent upper and lower axillary buds. A two-nodal-bud pea (Pisum sativum L.) was used as a model system to monitor and assess auxin flow, auxin transport channels, and dormanc...

INTRODUCTION Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is an uncommon neoplasm originating from parafollicular C cells. Distant metastasis in MTC, such as axillary node involvement, is extremely rare. CASE REPORT The present study describes a known case of MTC with axillary lymph node metastasis in a 31-year-old woman. In 2010, she underwent total thyroidectomy and right-sided modified radical neck diss...

CONTEXT Supernumerary breast tissue may be affected by the same diseases and alterations that compromise topical breast tissue. Nevertheless, reports of fibroadenoma in supernumerary breast tissue in the axillae are rare. OBJECTIVE To describe a case of fibroadenoma in an axillary supernumerary breast. DESIGN Case report. CASE REPORT A 39-year-old woman was referred to the gynecology and ...

A forty-six-year-old female presented with a history of left axillary pain, discomfort, chronic fatigue and palpitations. Clinical examination revealed large, tender nodules in the left axilla which were thought to represent enlarged axillary lymph nodes. Multiple dilated veins were visible in the left axillary region. The patient was diagnosed with Mondor’s disease based on the typical mammogr...

Isolated axillary tuberculous lymphadenopathy is rare and described in patients without evidence of previous or ongoing tuberculosis anywhere in the body. Presented is a 12 year old female with one year history of axillary swelling, clinical examination and investigations revealed no evidence of tuberculosis elsewhere. Diagnosis was established by histology. Tuberculosis should be considered in...

During routine bilateral dissection of 64 upper limbs in 32 adult human cadavers, four cases of an axillary arch, a muscular anomaly, were found. In one case, the axillary arch presented on both sides and in two cases it presented unilaterally on the right side. The innervation and relationships of the axillary arches are reported and the surgical significance of the anomaly is discussed.

Axillo-axillary bypass grafting is considered the operation of choice for patients with subclavian steal syndrome. Anesthetic management of high-risk patients with coronary-subclavian steal syndrome presents safety and technical challenges. Presently described is case of chronic obstructive lung disease and coronary artery disease in a 52-year-old man who required axillo-axillary bypass surgery...