STUDY DESIGN This is an in vitro biomechanical study. OBJECTIVE To compare the biomechanical stability of the 3 C1-C2 transarticular screw salvaging fixation techniques. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND DATA Stabilization of the atlantoaxial complex is a challenging procedure because of its complicated anatomy. Many posterior stabilization techniques of the atlantoaxial complex have been developed wi...

BACKGROUND Finite element analysis results will show significant differences if the model used is performed under various material properties, geometries, loading modes or other conditions. This study adopted an FE model, taking into account the possible asymmetry inherently existing in the spine with respect to the sagittal plane, with a more geometrically realistic outline to analyze and comp...

Basic knowledge about the thoracic spinal flexibility is limited and to the authors' knowledge, no in vitro studies have examined the flexibility of every thoracic spinal segment under standardized experimental conditions using pure moments. In our in vitro study, 68 human thoracic functional spinal units including the costovertebral joints (at least n = 6 functional spinal units per segment fr...

We are on a planet that orbits the Sun which emits huge amount of energy. The climate we experience is result an energy gradient across Earth and imbalance in world due to axial tilt rotation.

The reaction of [Co(III)(TPP)Cl] (TPP is the dianion of 5,10,15,20-tetra-phenyl-porphyrin) with an excess of 4-nitro-aniline in di-chloro-methane leads to the title compound, [Co(III)(C44H28N4)(C6H6N2O2)2]Cl·CH2Cl2. The Co(III) ion lies on an inversion centre and is octa-hedrally coordinated by two N atoms of the NH2 groups of the two 4-nitro-aniline trans-axial ligands and four pyrrole N atoms...